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框架学习总结——SpringMVC（学习中）

标签：

Java

SpringMVC的概念

Model View Controller

主流MVC框架

struts1
webwork
struts2
SpringMVC
jsf

SpringMVC特点

功能组件划分细致
灵活、强大
设计思想优秀

MVC框架都做什么

以Controller为中心完成对系统流程的控制管理
从请求中收集数据
对传入参数进行验证
根据请求调用相应业务逻辑完成数据处理
将处理结果返回給视图
国际化支持
针对不同视图技术提供不同解析支持方案
针对JSP视图技术提供标签库
通过拦截器链实现面向方面编程完成系统级控制
对文件上传、下载等常用功能的封装

SpringMVC框架的核心构件

DispatcherServlet

核心控制器，在web.xml中配置

Controller

控制器，自己创建的类excends Controller，在springMVC-servlet.xml中配置

Handler Mapping

管理映射，把请求映射到具体的控制器

ViewResolver&View
InternalResourceViewResolver

统一资源视图解析器，在springMVC-servlet.xml中配置，两个属性：prefix前缀、suffix后缀

Interceptors

拦截器，自己写的类，实现HandlerInterceptor类

LocalResolver
Validate

springMVC的环境搭建

例：记录作家信息，两个跳转

一、导包

spring的包，beans、context、core、expression、web、webmvc
日志包
标准标签库

二、创建jsp页面

个人习惯先写显示层，View（jsp）——action——dao——service——controller——（ok.jsp）

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>springMVC首页</h1>
    <a href="person.action">人物信息</a>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>记录人物</h1>
    <form action="ok.action" method="post">
        <label for="name">人物姓名：</label>
        <input type="text" name="name" id="name" value="东野圭吾"/><br/>
        <label for="desc">人物描述：</label>
        <input type="text" name="desc" id="desc" value="《解忧杂货店》的作者"/><br/>
        <label for="age">人物姓名：</label>
        <input type="text" name="age" id="age" value="59"/><br/>
        <input type="submit" value="记录"/>
    </form>

</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>信息界面</h1>
    <h3>人物姓名：${p.name}</h3>
    <h3>人物描述：${p.desc}</h3>
    <h3>人物年龄：${p.age}</h3>
</body>
</html>

三、web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet

<!-- 核心控制器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 修改springMVC-servlet.xml的默认位置 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/config/springMVC-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!-- 服务一启动就加载 -->
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

如果使用如上配置，Spring Web MVC框架将加载"/WEB-INF/config/springMVC-servlet.xml"来进行初始化上下文,而不是"/WEB-INF/[servlet名字]-servlet.xml"

四、在src目录下新建springMVC-servlet.xml配置文件

头文件增加三项：beans，context，mvc

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

    <bean name="/person.action" class="com.springMVC.controller.PersonController"></bean>
    <bean name="/ok.action" class="com.springMVC.controller.SaveController"></bean>
</beans>

五、创建Controller类

package com.springMVC.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class PersonController implements Controller {
    //创建日志打印对象
    static Log logger=LogFactory.getLog(PersonController.class);

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
        logger.info("执行到PersonController内");
        return new ModelAndView("/WEB-INF/jsp/person.jsp");
    }

}

package com.springMVC.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import com.springMVC.entity.Person;

public class SaveController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        Person p=new Person();
        p.setName(req.getParameter("name"));
        p.setDesc(req.getParameter("desc"));
        p.setAge(Integer.parseInt(req.getParameter("age")));

        return new ModelAndView("/WEB-INF/jsp/ok.jsp", "p", p);
    }

}

springMVC拦截器

处理乱码问题、权限管理

乱码，在web.xml配置拦截器

<!-- 字符拦截器 -->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
          <param-value>true</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

springMVC的注解

@Controller
不用再实现Controller接口
@RequestMapping(value="/product.action")
不用写跳转,写一个方法返回String类型的jsp文件名，
@Autowired
不用再配置映射路径

package com.springMVC.controller;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;

import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.springMVC.entity.Product;
import com.springMVC.service.IProductService;
@Controller
public class OkController {
    @Autowired
    private IProductService service;
    static Log logger=LogFactory.getLog(OkController.class);
    @RequestMapping
    public String add(Product p,Model model) throws Exception{
        service.save(p);
        model.addAttribute("p", p);
        return "ok";
    }
}

开启包扫描
<context... 包名>

开启springMVC注解驱动
<mvc...driven>

导入aop包

加入service层

@Service
不用再配置bean来创建对象
@Scope("prototype")范围：原型

模拟数据库
Map<Long,Product>
模拟主键自增
AtomicLong
写一个方法，添加id自增功能，传入Map集合返回Product对象

package com.springMVC.service.impl;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

import com.springMVC.entity.Product;
import com.springMVC.service.IProductService;

public class ProductServiceImpl implements IProductService{

    //模拟数据库
    Map<Long,Product> map=new HashMap<Long,Product>(); 
    //模拟主键自增
    AtomicLong add=new AtomicLong();

    @Override
    public Product save(Product p) throws Exception {
        Long id=add.incrementAndGet();
        p.setId(id);
        map.put(id, p);
        return p;
    }
}

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