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[-综合篇-] 相机、OpenGL、视频、Flutter和SurfaceView

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https://img1.sycdn.imooc.com//5da1a5940001650506560374.jpg

认识一个类，相当于结交一位朋友;看一篇源码，相当于一次顶级的会话;
读一个框架，相当于见证一段思想;做一个程序，相当于创造一个生命;
一次Git提交,相当于记录一次成长;生活也许并非那么美好，但一切可以这么崇高。----张风捷特烈

一、关于SurfaceView

对于视频、相机、游戏、Flutter等需要高性能渲染的场景,你都会发现SurfaceView的身影,如果你想进行高性能的渲染，那么SurfaceView是你必须要过的坎,也是一把打开视频之门的钥匙。 本篇会从一下几点的极简操作，来让你对SurfaceView有个感性的认知:


[1].Camera的预览和SurfaceView的使用
[2].Camera2的预览和SurfaceView的使用
[3].OpenGL中的GLSurfaceView
[4].Camera2和OpenGL的结合
[5].视频播放和和OpenGL的结合
[6].Flutter与SurfaceView的联系



https://img1.sycdn.imooc.com//5da1a5a10001ca7406700333.jpg



1.Camera使用SurfaceView开启预览

SurfaceView依赖SurfaceHolder类，所以两者形影不离。Camera的setPreviewDisplay方法入参是一个SurfaceHolder
SurfaceHolder并不是立马就创建出来的，需要一个回调监听。以便对它创建、改变、销毁时的感知并进行相关操作。
该监听的接口为SurfaceHolder.Callback,为了方便，可直接实现之。当然你也可以新建一个类

详细操作见:Android多媒体之Camera的相关操作



1



public class CameraSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
    private Camera camera;

    public CameraSurfaceView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public CameraSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs,0);
    }

    public CameraSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        getHolder().addCallback(this);//为SurfaceView的SurfaceHolder添加回调
    }

    //-----------------覆写SurfaceHolder.Callback方法----------------------
    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        camera = Camera.open();
        camera.setDisplayOrientation(90);
        try {
            camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);//Camera+SurfaceHolder
            camera.startPreview();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {

    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        camera.release();//释放资源
    }
    
}
2.Camera2中SurfaceView使用

Camera2并不是值Camera2类，而是camera2包下的相机系统,虽然使用起来挺复杂
但简单必有简单的局限，复杂必有复杂的价值,它的显示核心也需要一个SurfaceHolder

详细操作见:Android多媒体之Camera2的相关操作

https://img1.sycdn.imooc.com//5da1a5f40001557e04920239.jpg

public class Camera2SurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
    private Handler mainHandler;
    private String mCameraID;
    private CameraManager mCameraManager;
    private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;//相机设备
    private CameraCaptureSession mCameraCaptureSession;
    private Handler childHandler;

    private CameraDevice.StateCallback mStateCallback;

    private Semaphore mCameraOpenCloseLock = new Semaphore(1);//以防止在关闭相机之前应用程序退出

    public Camera2SurfaceView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public Camera2SurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs,0);
    }

    public Camera2SurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        getHolder().addCallback(this);//为SurfaceView的SurfaceHolder添加回调
    }

    //-----------------覆写SurfaceHolder.Callback方法----------------------
    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        initHandler();//初始化线程处理器
        initCamera();//初始化相机
        try {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA) !=
                    PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            mCameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, mStateCallback, mainHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
 
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        mCameraDevice.close();//释放资源;//释放资源
    }
    
    private void initCamera() {
        mCameraID = "" + CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT;//后摄像头
        //获取摄像头管理器
        mCameraManager = (CameraManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);

        mStateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onOpened(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
                mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
                mCameraDevice = camera;
                startPreview();
            }
            @Override
            public void onDisconnected(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
                mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
                mCameraDevice.close();
            }
            @Override
            public void onError(@NonNull CameraDevice camera, int error) {
                mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
                mCameraDevice.close();
            }
        };
    }

    private void initHandler() {
        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("Camera2");
        handlerThread.start();
        mainHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper());//主线程Handler
        childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());//子线程Handler
    }

    /**
     * 开启预览
     */
    private void startPreview() {
        try {
            // 创建预览需要的CaptureRequest.Builder
            final CaptureRequest.Builder reqBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
            // 将SurfaceView的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标
            reqBuilder.addTarget(getHolder().getSurface());

            // 创建CameraCaptureSession，该对象负责管理处理预览请求和拍照请求
            CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
                        @Override
                        public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                            if (null == mCameraDevice) return;
                            mCameraCaptureSession = cameraCaptureSession; // 当摄像头已经准备好时，开始显示预览
                            try {// 显示预览
                                mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(reqBuilder.build(), null, childHandler);
                            } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        @Override
                        public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {

                        }
                    };
            mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Collections.singletonList(getHolder().getSurface()),
                    stateCallback, childHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
3.OpenGL中GLSurfaceView使用

GLSurfaceView作为SurfaceView的子类，打开了一扇叫作OpenGL的大门。
它实现了SurfaceHolder.Callback2接口,需要传入一个GLSurfaceView.Render接口

https://img1.sycdn.imooc.com//5da1a6300001535306680392.jpg

public class TriangleGLView extends GLSurfaceView implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
    private  Triangle mTriangle;
    
    public TriangleGLView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }

    public TriangleGLView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        setEGLContextClientVersion(2);//设置OpenGL ES 2.0 context
        setRenderer(this);//设置渲染器
    }

    @Override
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        mTriangle=new Triangle();
        GLES20.glClearColor(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);//rgba
    }

    @Override
    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
        GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);//GL视口
    }

    @Override
    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        //清除颜色缓存和深度缓存
        GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT| GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
        mTriangle.draw();
    }
}

OpenGL的绘制可谓让人望而却步,下面是最简单的三角形绘制,
如果有兴趣可以看一下笔者OpenGL相关文章,仔细看完,基本上可以入门
Android多媒体之GL-ES战记第一集--勇者集结
Android多媒体之GL-ES战记第二集--谜团立方
Android多媒体之GLES2战记第三集--圣火之光
Android多媒体之GLES2战记第四集--移形换影
Android多媒体之GLES2战记第五集--宇宙之光
Android多媒体之GLES2战记第六集--九层之台

public class Triangle {
    private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;//顶点缓冲
    private final String vertexShaderCode =//顶点着色代码
            "attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
                    "void main() {" +
                    "  gl_Position = vPosition;" +
                    "}";
    private final String fragmentShaderCode =//片元着色代码
            "precision mediump float;" +
                    "uniform vec4 vColor;" +
                    "void main() {" +
                    "  gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
                    "}";
    private final int mProgram;
    private int mPositionHandle;//位置句柄
    private int mColorHandle;//颜色句柄
    private final int vertexCount = sCoo.length / COORDS_PER_VERTEX;//顶点个数
    private final int vertexStride = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4; // 3*4=12
    // 数组中每个顶点的坐标数
    static final int COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3;
    static float sCoo[] = {   //以逆时针顺序
            0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, // 顶部
            -1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, // 左下
            1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f  // 右下
    };
    // 颜色，rgba
    float color[] = {0.63671875f, 0.76953125f, 0.22265625f, 1.0f};
    public Triangle() {
        //初始化顶点字节缓冲区
        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(sCoo.length * 4);//每个浮点数:坐标个数* 4字节
        bb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//使用本机硬件设备的字节顺序
        vertexBuffer = bb.asFloatBuffer();// 从字节缓冲区创建浮点缓冲区
        vertexBuffer.put(sCoo);// 将坐标添加到FloatBuffer
        vertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区以读取第一个坐标
        int vertexShader = loadShader(
                GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER,//顶点着色
                vertexShaderCode);
        int fragmentShader = loadShader
                (GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,//片元着色
                        fragmentShaderCode);
        mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram();//创建空的OpenGL ES 程序
        GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, vertexShader);//加入顶点着色器
        GLES20.glAttachShader(mProgram, fragmentShader);//加入片元着色器
        GLES20.glLinkProgram(mProgram);//创建可执行的OpenGL ES项目
    }

    private int loadShader(int type, String shaderCode) {
        int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type);//创建着色器
        GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode);//添加着色器源代码
        GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);//编译
        return shader;
    }

    public void draw() {
        // 将程序添加到OpenGL ES环境中
        GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
        //获取顶点着色器的vPosition成员的句柄
        mPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition");
        //启用三角形顶点的句柄
        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
        //准备三角坐标数据
        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(
                mPositionHandle, COORDS_PER_VERTEX,
                GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
                vertexStride, vertexBuffer);
        // 获取片元着色器的vColor成员的句柄
        mColorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor");
        //为三角形设置颜色
        GLES20.glUniform4fv(mColorHandle, 1, color, 0);
        //绘制三角形
        GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vertexCount);
        //禁用顶点数组
        GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
    }
}
4.OpenGL在相机中的使用

现在捋一下,相机需要一个SurfaceHolder,而GLSurfaceView是一个SurfaceView,郎情妾意。 但好事多磨,并没有想象中的这么简单...
在CameraGLView主类中创建SurfaceTexture对象,并将纹理绑定其上
而通过SurfaceTexture作为入参可以创建SurfaceHolder,一条路就通了。

public class CameraGLView extends GLSurfaceView  implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {

    private CameraDrawer cameraDrawer;
    public SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture;
    private int[] textureId = new int[1];

    //----------------------------相机操作------------------------------
    private Handler mainHandler;
    private Handler childHandler;
    private String mCameraID;
    private CameraManager mCameraManager;
    private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;//相机设备
    private CameraCaptureSession mCameraCaptureSession;

    private CameraDevice.StateCallback mStateCallback;
    private Size mVideoSize;
    private Semaphore mCameraOpenCloseLock = new Semaphore(1);//以防止在关闭相机之前应用程序退出
    private Surface surface;


    public CameraGLView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    public CameraGLView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        setEGLContextClientVersion(3);//设置OpenGL ES 3.0 context
        setRenderer(this);//设置渲染器
    }

    private void initHandler() {
        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("Camera2");
        handlerThread.start();
        mainHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper());//主线程Handler
        childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());//子线程Handler
    }

    private void initCamera() {

        mCameraID = "" + CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT;//后摄像头
        //获取摄像头管理器
        mCameraManager = (CameraManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        mVideoSize=getCameraOutputSizes(mCameraManager,mCameraID,SurfaceTexture.class).get(0);

        mStateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onOpened(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
                mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
                mCameraDevice = camera;
                startPreview();
            }
            @Override
            public void onDisconnected(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
                mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
                mCameraDevice.close();
            }
            @Override
            public void onError(@NonNull CameraDevice camera, int error) {
                mCameraOpenCloseLock.release();
                mCameraDevice.close();
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * 根据输出类获取指定相机的输出尺寸列表，降序排序
     */
    public List<Size> getCameraOutputSizes(CameraManager cameraManager, String cameraId, Class clz){
        try {
            CameraCharacteristics characteristics = cameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId);
            StreamConfigurationMap configs = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SCALER_STREAM_CONFIGURATION_MAP);
            List<Size> sizes = Arrays.asList(configs.getOutputSizes(clz));
            Collections.sort(sizes, (o1, o2) -> o1.getWidth() * o1.getHeight() - o2.getWidth() * o2.getHeight());
            Collections.reverse(sizes);
            return sizes;
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    /**
     * 开启预览
     */
    private void startPreview() {
        surfaceTexture.setDefaultBufferSize(mVideoSize.getWidth(), mVideoSize.getHeight());
        surfaceTexture.setOnFrameAvailableListener(surfaceTexture -> requestRender());
        surface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);

        try {
            // 创建预览需要的CaptureRequest.Builder
            final CaptureRequest.Builder reqBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
            // 将SurfaceView的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标
            reqBuilder.addTarget(surface);
            // 创建CameraCaptureSession，该对象负责管理处理预览请求和拍照请求
            CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                    if (null == mCameraDevice) return;
                    mCameraCaptureSession = cameraCaptureSession; // 当摄像头已经准备好时，开始显示预览
                    try {// 显示预览
                        mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(reqBuilder.build(), null, childHandler);
                    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                @Override
                public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {

                }
            };
            mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Collections.singletonList(surface), stateCallback, childHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    @Override
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        cameraDrawer=new CameraDrawer(getContext());
        //创建纹理对象
        GLES30.glGenTextures(textureId.length, textureId, 0);
        //将纹理对象绑定到srufaceTexture
        surfaceTexture = new SurfaceTexture(textureId[0]);        //创建并连接程序

        initHandler();//初始化线程处理器
        initCamera();//初始化相机
        try {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA) !=
                    PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            mCameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, mStateCallback, mainHandler);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
        glViewport(0,0,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        surfaceTexture.updateTexImage();
        GLES30.glClear(GLES30.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
        cameraDrawer.draw(textureId[0]);
    }
}

通过CameraDrawer类绘制纹理，这就跟画三角形非常类似,通过着色器(shader)进行着色

fragment片元:camera.fsh

#version 300 es
#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external_essl3 : require
precision mediump float;

in vec2 vTexCoord;
out vec4 outColor;
uniform samplerExternalOES sTexture;

void main(){
    outColor = texture(sTexture, vTexCoord);
}

vertex顶元:camera.vsh

#version 300 es
in vec4 aPosition;
in vec2 aTexCoord;

out vec2 vTexCoord;

void main(){
    gl_Position = aPosition;
    vTexCoord = aTexCoord;
}

绘画器:CameraDrawer

public class CameraDrawer {
    private static final String VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION = "a_Position";
    private static final int VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION_SIZE = 3;
    private static final String VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION = "a_texCoord";
    private static final int VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION_SIZE = 2;
    private static final String UNIFORM_TEXTURE = "s_texture";

    private  float[] vertex ={
            -1f,1f,0.0f,//左上
            -1f,-1f,0.0f,//左下
            1f,-1f,0.0f,//右下
            1f,1f,0.0f//右上
    };

    //纹理坐标，（s,t），t坐标方向和顶点y坐标反着
    public float[] textureCoord = {
            0.0f,1.0f,
            1.0f,1.0f,
            1.0f,0.0f,
            0.0f,0.0f
    };

    private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
    private FloatBuffer textureCoordBuffer;
    private int program;
    
    private Context context;


    public CameraDrawer(Context context) {
        this.context = context;

        initVertexAttrib(); //初始化顶点数据

        program = GLUtil.loadAndInitProgram( this.context,"camera.vsh","camera.fsh");
        GLES30.glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    }

    private void initVertexAttrib() {
        textureCoordBuffer = GLUtil.getFloatBuffer(textureCoord);
        vertexBuffer = GLUtil.getFloatBuffer(vertex);
    }

    public void draw(int textureId){
        GLES30.glUseProgram(program);
        //初始化句柄
        int vertexLoc = GLES30.glGetAttribLocation(program, VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION);
        int textureLoc = GLES30.glGetAttribLocation(program, VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION);

        GLES30.glEnableVertexAttribArray(vertexLoc);
        GLES30.glEnableVertexAttribArray(textureLoc);

        GLES30.glVertexAttribPointer(vertexLoc,
                VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION_SIZE,
                GLES30.GL_FLOAT,
                false,
                0,
                vertexBuffer);

        GLES30.glVertexAttribPointer(textureLoc,
                VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION_SIZE,
                GLES30.GL_FLOAT,
                false,
                0,
                textureCoordBuffer);

        //纹理绑定
        GLES30.glActiveTexture( GLES30.GL_TEXTURE0);
        GLES30.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);
        GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,  GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GLES30.GL_NEAREST);
        GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,  GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,  GLES30.GL_LINEAR);
        GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,  GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,  GLES30.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        GLES30.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES,  GLES30.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GLES30.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
        int uTextureLoc =  GLES30.glGetUniformLocation(program, UNIFORM_TEXTURE);
        GLES30.glUniform1i(uTextureLoc,0);
        //绘制
        GLES30.glDrawArrays( GLES30.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,0,vertex.length / 3);
        //禁用顶点
        GLES30.glDisableVertexAttribArray(vertexLoc);
        GLES30.glDisableVertexAttribArray(textureLoc);
    }
}

也许你并不了解OpenGL,看到结果会大呼:TM,这么麻烦，才实先预览?拜拜，学不动，告辞。对，很麻烦，之后还会更麻烦。但你不会，别人会。你怕麻烦，别人去钻研，这就是人与人的差距。
我最不能理解的是怕麻烦的人到处询问学习方法。只要你不怕麻烦，遇到问题肯去钻，去看源码，去debug，还有什么能阻挡你。世事有难易乎,为之则难者易，不为则易者难。

OpenGL打开了一扇大门，根据shader可以进行非常多的操作，滤镜，贴图，着色，变换...甚至可以说给我一个shader的用武之处，我能给你创造一个世界



16db5bdd495acd9f?imageslim



5.OpenGL在视频播放中的使用

如果你稍微了解一下视频播放，会知道MediaPlayer可以和Surface狼狈为奸 于是乎，同理，可以将视频播放和OpenGL结合,然后通过shader来逆天改命
这里思路几乎一致GLVideoView中进行SurfaceTexture和纹理绑定，并生成Surface给MediaPlayer
关于MediaPlayer的视频播放，详见:Android多媒体之视频播放器(基于MediaPlayer)



16db6667d1414827?imageslim



public class GLVideoView extends GLSurfaceView implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer, 
        SurfaceTexture.OnFrameAvailableListener, MediaPlayer.OnVideoSizeChangedListener  {
    private float[] sTMatrix = new float[16];
    private final float[] projectionMatrix=new float[16];

    private SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture;
    private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
    private VideoDrawer videoDrawer;
    private int textureId;
    private boolean updateSurface;
    private boolean playerPrepared;

    private int screenWidth,screenHeight;

    public GLVideoView(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    public GLVideoView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
                setEGLContextClientVersion(2);//设置OpenGL ES 3.0 context
        setRenderer(this);//设置渲染器
        initPlayer();
    }

    private void initPlayer() {
        mediaPlayer=new MediaPlayer();
        try{
            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(getContext(), Uri.parse("/sdcard/toly/sh.mp4"));
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
        mediaPlayer.setLooping(true);

        mediaPlayer.setOnVideoSizeChangedListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
        videoDrawer=new VideoDrawer(getContext());
        playerPrepared=false;
        synchronized(this) {
            updateSurface = false;
        }

        int[] textures = new int[1];
        GLES20.glGenTextures(1, textures, 0);

        textureId = textures[0];
        GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);

        surfaceTexture = new SurfaceTexture(textureId);
        surfaceTexture.setOnFrameAvailableListener(this);

        Surface surface = new Surface(surfaceTexture);
        mediaPlayer.setSurface(surface);
        surface.release();
        if (!playerPrepared){
            try {
                mediaPlayer.prepare();
                playerPrepared=true;
            } catch (IOException t) {

            }
            mediaPlayer.start();
            playerPrepared=true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
        screenWidth=width; screenHeight=height;
        GLES20.glViewport(0,0,screenWidth,screenHeight);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {
        synchronized (this){
            if (updateSurface){
                surfaceTexture.updateTexImage();
                surfaceTexture.getTransformMatrix(sTMatrix);
                updateSurface = false;
            }
        }
        videoDrawer.draw(textureId,projectionMatrix, sTMatrix);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
        updateSurface = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onVideoSizeChanged(MediaPlayer mp, int width, int height) {
        screenWidth=width; screenHeight=height;
        updateProjection(width,height);
    }

    private void updateProjection(int videoWidth, int videoHeight){
        float screenRatio=(float)screenWidth/screenHeight;
        float videoRatio=(float)videoWidth/videoHeight;
        if (videoRatio>screenRatio){
            Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix,0,
                    -1f,1f,-videoRatio/screenRatio,videoRatio/screenRatio,
                    -1f,1f);
        }else {
            Matrix.orthoM(projectionMatrix,0,
                    -screenRatio/videoRatio,screenRatio/videoRatio,-1f,1f,
                    -1f,1f);
        }
    }
}

着色器

---->[video.fsh]----
#extension GL_OES_EGL_image_external : require
precision mediump float;
varying vec2 vTexCoord;
uniform samplerExternalOES sTexture;
void main() {
    vec3 color = texture2D(sTexture, vTexCoord).rgb;
    float threshold = 0.8;//阈值
    float mean = (color.r + color.g + color.b) / 3.0;
    color.r = color.g = color.b = mean >= threshold ? 1.0 : 0.0;
    gl_FragColor = vec4(1,color);//固定红色
}

---->[video.vsh]----
attribute vec4 aPosition;//顶点位置
attribute vec4 aTexCoord;//纹理坐标
varying vec2 vTexCoord;
uniform mat4 uMatrix;
uniform mat4 uSTMatrix;
void main() {
    vTexCoord = (uSTMatrix * aTexCoord).xy;
    gl_Position = uMatrix*aPosition;
}

再通过VideoDrawer进行着色处理和绘制

public class VideoDrawer {
    private Context context;
    private int aPositionLocation;
    private int programId;
    private FloatBuffer vertexBuffer;
    private final float[] vertexData = {
            1f, -1f, 0f,
            -1f, -1f, 0f,
            1f, 1f, 0f,
            -1f, 1f, 0f
    };

    private int uMatrixLocation;

    private final float[] textureVertexData = {
            1f, 0f,
            0f, 0f,
            1f, 1f,
            0f, 1f
    };
    private FloatBuffer textureVertexBuffer;
    private int uTextureSamplerLocation;
    private int aTextureCoordLocation;
    private int uSTMMatrixHandle;

    public VideoDrawer(Context context) {
        this.context = context;

        vertexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertexData.length * 4)
                .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder())
                .asFloatBuffer()
                .put(vertexData);
        vertexBuffer.position(0);

        textureVertexBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textureVertexData.length * 4)
                .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder())
                .asFloatBuffer()
                .put(textureVertexData);
        textureVertexBuffer.position(0);

        programId = GLUtil.loadAndInitProgram(context, "video.vsh", "video.fsh");
        aPositionLocation = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(programId, "aPosition");

        uMatrixLocation = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programId, "uMatrix");
        uSTMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programId, "uSTMatrix");
        uTextureSamplerLocation = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(programId, "sTexture");
        aTextureCoordLocation = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(programId, "aTexCoord");
    }

    public void draw(int textureId, float[] projectionMatrix, float[] sTMatrix) {
        GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        GLES20.glUseProgram(programId);
        GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(uMatrixLocation, 1, false, projectionMatrix, 0);
        GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(uSTMMatrixHandle, 1, false, sTMatrix, 0);

        vertexBuffer.position(0);
        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(aPositionLocation);
        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(aPositionLocation, 3, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false,
                12, vertexBuffer);

        textureVertexBuffer.position(0);
        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(aTextureCoordLocation);
        GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(aTextureCoordLocation, 2, GLES20.GL_FLOAT, false, 8, textureVertexBuffer);
        GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,
                GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
        GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GLES20.GL_LINEAR);

        GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
        GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES11Ext.GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, textureId);
        GLES20.glUniform1i(uTextureSamplerLocation, 0);
        GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
    }
}

如果你对Flutter的实现有所了解，那么对FlutterView应该并不陌生。对于Android端,
Flutter所有视图都在FlutterView中进行绘制，而FlutterView便是继承自SurfaceView
这也足以显示SurfaceView是多么强大

public class FlutterView extends SurfaceView 
                implements BinaryMessenger, TextureRegistry {

既然是SurfaceView，那么自然少不了前面的那些形式，回调啦，SurfaceHolder什么的
在成员属性中有mSurfaceCallback和nextTextureId,是不是很亲切
在构造方法中mSurfaceCallback被直接创建,surfaceCreated、surfaceChanged、surfaceDestroyed

public class FlutterView extends SurfaceView implements BinaryMessenger, TextureRegistry {
    private static final String TAG = "FlutterView";
    //...
    private final Callback mSurfaceCallback;
    //...
    private final AtomicLong nextTextureId;

    //构造方法中
    this.mSurfaceCallback = new Callback() {
                public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                    FlutterView.this.assertAttached();
                    FlutterView.this.mNativeView.getFlutterJNI().onSurfaceCreated(holder.getSurface());
                }

                public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
                    FlutterView.this.assertAttached();
                    FlutterView.this.mNativeView.getFlutterJNI().onSurfaceChanged(width, height);
                }

                public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                    FlutterView.this.assertAttached();
                    FlutterView.this.mNativeView.getFlutterJNI().onSurfaceDestroyed();
                }
            };
            this.getHolder().addCallback(this.mSurfaceCallback);

另外在detach和destroy时mSurfaceCallback都会被移除

    public FlutterNativeView detach() {
        if (!this.isAttached()) {
            return null;
        } else {
            this.getHolder().removeCallback(this.mSurfaceCallback);
            this.mNativeView.detachFromFlutterView();
            FlutterNativeView view = this.mNativeView;
            this.mNativeView = null;
            return view;
        }
    }
    public void destroy() {
        if (this.isAttached()) {
            this.getHolder().removeCallback(this.mSurfaceCallback);
            this.mNativeView.destroy();
            this.mNativeView = null;
        }
    }

  • 关于SurfaceTexture的实例对象

使用内部类SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry进行构建，setOnFrameAvailableListener和在上面也出现过
所以凡事混个脸熟也挺有价值的,至少当你见到它知道它在干嘛。

public SurfaceTextureEntry createSurfaceTexture() {
    SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture = new SurfaceTexture(0);
    surfaceTexture.detachFromGLContext();
    FlutterView.SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry entry = new FlutterView.SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry(this.nextTextureId.getAndIncrement(), surfaceTexture);
    this.mNativeView.getFlutterJNI().registerTexture(entry.id(), surfaceTexture);
    return entry;
}

final class SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry implements SurfaceTextureEntry {
    private final long id;
    private final SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture;
    private boolean released;
    private OnFrameAvailableListener onFrameListener = new OnFrameAvailableListener() {
        public void onFrameAvailable(SurfaceTexture texture) {
            if (!SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry.this.released && FlutterView.this.mNativeView != null) {
                FlutterView.this.mNativeView.getFlutterJNI().markTextureFrameAvailable(SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry.this.id);
            }
        }
    };
    SurfaceTextureRegistryEntry(long id, SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
        this.id = id;
        this.surfaceTexture = surfaceTexture;
        if (VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
            this.surfaceTexture.setOnFrameAvailableListener(this.onFrameListener, new Handler());
        } else {
            this.surfaceTexture.setOnFrameAvailableListener(this.onFrameListener);
        }
    }
    public SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture() {
        return this.surfaceTexture;
    }
    public long id() {
        return this.id;
    }

前面也知道surfaceTexture最重要的是纹理的绑定，在FlutterJNI的nativeRegisterTexture方法中进行实现。

---->[io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterJNI#registerTexture]----
    @UiThread
    public void registerTexture(long textureId, @NonNull SurfaceTexture surfaceTexture) {
        this.ensureRunningOnMainThread();
        this.ensureAttachedToNative();
        this.nativeRegisterTexture(this.nativePlatformViewId, textureId, surfaceTexture);
    }

---->[io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterJNI#nativeRegisterTexture]----
private native void nativeRegisterTexture(long var1, long var3, @NonNull SurfaceTexture var5);

放在以前，到这里我就弃了,不过现在，可以稍稍追一下，首先要明白，nativeRegisterTexture的C++实现的方法在哪
如果想要查看关于FlutterJNI的C++代码，需要下载flutter engine，GitHub地址:
位置:engine-master/shell/platform/android/platform_view_android_jni.h

static void RegisterTexture(JNIEnv* env,
                            jobject jcaller,
                            jlong shell_holder,
                            jlong texture_id,
                            jobject surface_texture) {
  ANDROID_SHELL_HOLDER->GetPlatformView()->RegisterExternalTexture(
      static_cast<int64_t>(texture_id),                        //
      fml::jni::JavaObjectWeakGlobalRef(env, surface_texture)  //
  );
}

bool RegisterApi(JNIEnv* env) {
  static const JNINativeMethod flutter_jni_methods[] = {
     {
          .name = "nativeRegisterTexture",
          .signature = "(JJLandroid/graphics/SurfaceTexture;)V",
          .fnPtr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&RegisterTexture),
      },
      //...

  if (env->RegisterNatives(g_flutter_jni_class->obj(), flutter_jni_methods,
                           fml::size(flutter_jni_methods)) != 0) {
    FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to RegisterNatives with FlutterJNI";
    return false;
  }

一不小心又学会了一种JNI方法的注册方式...这波不亏。什么是好的学习方法。多看，多想，知识和你不期而遇

bool PlatformViewAndroid::Register(JNIEnv* env) {   if (env == nullptr) {     FML_LOG(ERROR) << "No JNIEnv provided";     return false;   } //... //可见这里通过FindClass指向了FlutterJNI的Java类，也就是刚才我们看的。   g_flutter_jni_class = new fml::jni::ScopedJavaGlobalRef<jclass>(       env, env->FindClass("io/flutter/embedding/engine/FlutterJNI"));   if (g_flutter_jni_class->is_null()) {     FML_LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to find FlutterJNI Class.";     return false;   } //...   return RegisterApi(env); } 复制代码

点到为止，就不继续挖了。以后有机会专门开坑来挖一篇。到这里你应该对SurfaceView有了一个感性的认识,最后再贴一遍:



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发表于 2019.10.12 18:17， 共 3957 人浏览

本文原创发布于慕课网 ，转载请注明出处，谢谢合作

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