SpringBoot进阶教程 | 第一篇：YML多文档块实现多环境配置
你是否为SpringBoot一个功能多个yml和多个properties文件区分不同运行环境配置，经常为这些配置文件的管理而头疼，现在通过这篇文章，将彻底解决你的烦恼，这篇文篇介绍，怎么通过yml文件构建多文档块，区分不同环境配置，自由切换不同环境启动项目，一个配置文件搞定。
YAML简介
YAML是**“YAML不是一种标记语言”**的外语缩写（见前方参考资料原文内容）；但为了强调这种语言以数据做为中心，而不是以置标语言为重点，而用返璞词重新命名。它是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。
基本语法结构
多行缩进
数据结构可以用类似大纲的缩排方式呈现，结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号“-”来表示，map结构里面的key/value对用冒号“:”来分隔。样例如下：
house:
family:
name: Doe
parents:
- John
- Jane
children:
- Paul
- Mark
- Simone
address:
number: 34
street: Main Street
city: Nowheretown
zipcode: 12345
注意：
1.字串不一定要用双引号标识；
2.在缩排中空白字符的数目并不是非常重要，只要相同阶层的元素左侧对齐就可以了（不过不能使用`TAB`字符）；
3.允许在文件中加入选择性的空行，以增加可读性；
4. 在一个档案中，可同时包含多个文件，并用`“——”`分隔；
5.选择性的符号`“...”`可以用来表示档案结尾（在利用串流的通讯中，这非常有用，可以在不关闭串流的情况下，发送结束讯号）。
单行缩写
YAML也有用来描述好几行相同结构的数据的缩写语法，数组用'[]'包括起来，hash用'{}'来包括。因此，上面的这个YAML能够缩写成这样:
house:
family: { name: Doe, parents: [John, Jane], children: [Paul, Mark, Simone] }
address: { number: 34, street: Main Street, city: Nowheretown, zipcode: 12345 }
准备工作
环境：
windows
jdk 8
maven 3.0
IDEA
构建工程
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>cn.zhangbox</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-study</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<groupId>cn.zhangbox</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-02-config</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-boot-02-config</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--导入配置文件处理器，配置文件进行绑定就会有提示-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
修改YML配置
#选择哪一个环境的配置
#这里可以在每个环境配置redis，数据库（mysql），消息（kafka）等相关的组件的配置
spring:
profiles:
active: prod
#文档块区分为三个---
---
server:
port: 8081
spring:
profiles: test
#文档块区分为三个---
---
server:
port: 8082
spring:
profiles: test
#文档块区分为三个---
---
server:
port: 8083
spring:
profiles: prod
创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootConfigApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootConfigApplication.class, args);
}
}
控制台打印
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.5.9.RELEASE)
2018-07-04 15:07:26.214 INFO 14812 --- [ main] c.z.s.SpringBootConfigApplication : Starting SpringBootConfigApplication on MS-20180428GSYE with PID 14812 (C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\spring-boot-02-config\target\classes started by Administrator in C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\spring-boot-02-config)
2018-07-04 15:07:26.219 INFO 14812 --- [ main] c.z.s.SpringBootConfigApplication : The following profiles are active: prod
2018-07-04 15:07:26.281 INFO 14812 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@3f57bcad: startup date [Wed Jul 04 15:07:26 GMT+08:00 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-07-04 15:07:28.988 INFO 14812 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8083 (http)
2018-07-04 15:07:29.029 INFO 14812 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2018-07-04 15:07:29.031 INFO 14812 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.23
2018-07-04 15:07:29.184 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2018-07-04 15:07:29.184 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2909 ms
2018-07-04 15:07:29.419 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2018-07-04 15:07:29.424 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2018-07-04 15:07:29.424 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2018-07-04 15:07:29.424 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2018-07-04 15:07:29.424 INFO 14812 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2018-07-04 15:07:30.605 INFO 14812 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@3f57bcad: startup date [Wed Jul 04 15:07:26 GMT+08:00 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-07-04 15:07:30.731 INFO 14812 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2018-07-04 15:07:30.732 INFO 14812 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2018-07-04 15:07:30.777 INFO 14812 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-07-04 15:07:30.777 INFO 14812 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-07-04 15:07:30.833 INFO 14812 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2018-07-04 15:07:31.166 INFO 14812 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2018-07-04 15:07:31.470 INFO 14812 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8083 (http)
2018-07-04 15:07:31.475 INFO 14812 --- [ main] c.z.s.SpringBootConfigApplication : Started SpringBootConfigApplication in 5.897 seconds (JVM running for 7.324)
至此YML多文档块多环境配置是不是非常简单，切换环境只需要修改
spring:
profiles:
active: prod
中active对应的环境的值即可。
源码地址
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