请求库在Python 2和Python 3上崩溃

Question

我正在尝试使用以下代码解析带有requests和BeautifulSoup库的任意网页：try:    response = requests.get(url)except Exception as error:    return Falseif response.encoding == None:    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text) # This is line 809else:    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text, from_encoding=response.encoding)在大多数网页上，这都可以正常工作。但是，在某些任意页面（<1％）上，出现此崩溃：Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/home/dotancohen/code/parser.py", line 155, in has_css    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text)  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/models.py", line 809, in text    content = str(self.content, encoding, errors='replace')  TypeError: str() argument 2 must be str, not None作为参考，这是请求库的relevent方法：@propertydef text(self):    """Content of the response, in unicode.    if Response.encoding is None and chardet module is available, encoding    will be guessed.    """    # Try charset from content-type    content = None    encoding = self.encoding    # Fallback to auto-detected encoding.    if self.encoding is None:        if chardet is not None:            encoding = chardet.detect(self.content)['encoding']    # Decode unicode from given encoding.    try:        content = str(self.content, encoding, errors='replace') # This is line 809    except LookupError:        # A LookupError is raised if the encoding was not found which could        # indicate a misspelling or similar mistake.        #        # So we try blindly encoding.        content = str(self.content, errors='replace')    return content可以看出，抛出此错误时，我没有传递编码。我如何错误地使用该库，以及如何防止该错误？这是在Python 3.2.3上实现的，但我也可以在Python 2上获得相同的结果。

Answer 1

这意味着服务器未发送标头中内容的编码，并且chardet库也无法确定内容的编码。实际上，您实际上是在测试是否缺少编码；如果没有可用的编码，为什么要尝试获取解码的文本？

您可以尝试将解码留给BeautifulSoup解析器：

if response.encoding is None:

   soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.content)

并有没有必要在编码BeautifulSoup通过，因为如果.text没有失败，你正在使用Unicode和BeautifulSoup反正会忽略编码参数：

else:

   soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(response.text)