将文件转换为灰度图像

Question

我正在尝试将文件（任何文件如 exe、apk）转换为灰度图像。我已经使用下面的代码准备了文件的二进制位。但是，我坚持将 8 位分组来表示图像中的一个像素，所以每个像素都是从 0 到 255。文献表明，恶意软件可以通过将其转换为灰度图像并应用 CNN 模型进行分类来进行分类import cv2import numpyimport osimport binasciifilePath = "240387329dee4f03f98a89a2feff9bf30dcba61fcf614cdac24129da54442762"file = open(filePath, "rb")with file:    byte = file.read()    hexadecimal = binascii.hexlify(byte)    decimal = int(hexadecimal, 16)    binary = bin(decimal)[2:].zfill(8)    print("hex: %s, decimal: %s, binary: %s" % (hexadecimal, decimal, binary))编辑：我写了下面，我固定了图像的宽度。任何反馈？import cv2import numpyimport osimport binasciiimport arrayimport scipy.misc#print (format(5,"b"))filename='240387329dee4f03f98a89a2feff9bf30dcba61fcf614cdac24129da54442762';f=open(filename,'rb');ln = os.path.getsize(filename);width = 500;rem = ln%width;a=array.array("B");a.fromfile(f,ln-rem);f.close;g=numpy.reshape(a,(len(a)/width,width));g= numpy.uint8(g);scipy.misc.imsave('Malware.png',g);

Answer 1

您不需要将数据转换为十六进制或二进制，只需将二进制数据（字节序列）转换为二维数组即可。

问题是没有任何一维数组可以重整为二维数组。

例如，如果字节数是素数 = N，您将获得 1xN 图像（丑陋的单行或单列图像）。

以下示例假设图像尺寸必须为正方形，并根据需要使用填充来完成字节数：

import numpy as np

from math import sqrt, ceil

import cv2

#Input file name (random file I found in my folder).

input_file_name = 'test_cython.cp36-win_amd64.pyd';

#Read the whole file to data

with open(input_file_name, 'rb') as binary_file:        

    data = binary_file.read()

# Data length in bytes

data_len = len(data)

# d is a verctor of data_len bytes

d = np.frombuffer(data, dtype=np.uint8)

# Assume image shape should be close to square

sqrt_len = int(ceil(sqrt(data_len)))  # Compute square toot and round up

# Requiered length in bytes.

new_len = sqrt_len*sqrt_len

# Number of bytes to pad (need to add zeros to the end of d)

pad_len = new_len - data_len

# Pad d with zeros at the end.

# padded_d = np.pad(d, (0, pad_len))

padded_d = np.hstack((d, np.zeros(pad_len, np.uint8)))

# Reshape 1D array into 2D array with sqrt_len pad_len x sqrt_len (im is going to be a Grayscale image).

im = np.reshape(padded_d, (sqrt_len, sqrt_len))

# Save image

cv2.imwrite('im.png', im)

# Display image

cv2.imshow('im' ,im)

cv2.waitKey(0)

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

结果：

构建可用于恢复原始文件的映像：

如果要获取图像，并恢复原始文件（字节相等，无填充），则需要恢复图像中的原始数据长度。

（您也可以恢复填充的长度）。

以下实现，将原始数据长度存储在前 8 个像素中。

读取图像后，可以去除填充和存储长度，恢复原始文件。

这是一个“编码”和“解码”的例子：

import numpy as np

from math import sqrt, ceil

import cv2

import struct

#Input file name

input_file_name = 'test_cython.cp36-win_amd64.pyd';

#Read the whole file to data

with open(input_file_name, 'rb') as binary_file:        

    data = binary_file.read()

# Data length in bytes

data_len = len(data)

# d is a verctor of data_len bytes

d = np.frombuffer(data, dtype=np.uint8)

data_len_as_bytes = np.frombuffer(struct.pack("Q", data_len), dtype=np.uint8) # Convert data_len to 8 bytes

data_len = data_len + len(data_len_as_bytes) #Update length to include the 8 bytes

# Set data_len as first 8 bytes of d

d = np.hstack((data_len_as_bytes, d))

# Assume image shape should be close to square

sqrt_len = int(ceil(sqrt(data_len)))  # Compute square toot and round up

# Requiered length in bytes.

new_len = sqrt_len*sqrt_len

# Number of bytes to pad (need to add zeros to the end of d)

pad_len = new_len - data_len

# Pad d with zeros at the end.

# padded_d = np.pad(d, (0, pad_len))

padded_d = np.hstack((d, np.zeros(pad_len, np.uint8)))

# Reshape 1D array into 2D array with sqrt_len pad_len x sqrt_len (im is going to be a Grayscale image).

im = np.reshape(padded_d, (sqrt_len, sqrt_len))

# Save image

cv2.imwrite('im.png', im)

# Display image

#cv2.imshow('im' ,im)

#cv2.waitKey(0)

#cv2.destroyAllWindows()

# Restore original data:

##################################

input_file_name = 'test.bin';  #Output file name

im = cv2.imread('im.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Convert 2D to 1D

padded_d = im.flatten()

# Get original length

data_len_as_bytes = padded_d[0:8]

orig_data_len = struct.unpack("Q", data_len_as_bytes.tobytes())

# Crop the original data bytes (without the padding).

data = padded_d[8:8+orig_data_len[0]]

#Write d whole file to binary file

with open(input_file_name, 'wb') as binary_file:

    binary_file.write(data)

现在您可以将任何（小）文件作为图像上传到 Stack Overflow，并让其他人恢复您的文件。