如何枚举 NVMe (M2) 驱动器并在 c# 中获取它们的温度？

Question

如何枚举 NVMe (M2) 驱动器并在 c# 中获取它们的温度？它不能通过 WMI 常规查询访问。有这个 MSFT 参考在 c 中执行此操作，但它相当模糊，代码不完整： https ://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/working-with-nvme-devices#temperature-查询

Answer 1

一个快速的实现（但不是最简单的）是使用 nvme.h winioctl.h ntddstor.h API 并在 c# 中与它互操作。这是一个完整的实现。

申报方：

#include <nvme.h>

#include <winioctl.h>

#include <ntddstor.h>

#ifndef Pinvoke

#define Pinvoke extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)

#endif

typedef void(__stdcall *MessageChangedCallback)(const wchar_t* string);

class __declspec(dllexport) NVmeQuery final

{

public:

    NVmeQuery(MessageChangedCallback managedDelegate);

    ~NVmeQuery();

    template <class ... T>

    auto LogMessage(T&& ... args) -> void;

    auto GetTemp(const wchar_t* nvmePath) -> unsigned long;

    MessageChangedCallback LogMessageChangedCallback{};

    PNVME_HEALTH_INFO_LOG SmartHealthInfo{};

    PSTORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY query{};

    PSTORAGE_PROTOCOL_SPECIFIC_DATA protocolSpecificData{};

    PSTORAGE_PROTOCOL_DATA_DESCRIPTOR protocolDataDescriptor{};

};

定义端：我用来向托管端追溯互操作错误消息的功能；这对于理解哪里出了问题、如何/哪里出了问题至关重要：

template<class ...T>

auto NVmeQuery::LogMessage(T&&... args) -> void

{

    wchar_t updatedMessage[256];

    swprintf_s(updatedMessage, forward<T>(args)...);

    if (LogMessageChangedCallback != nullptr)

        LogMessageChangedCallback(updatedMessage);

}

核心功能，设计起来并不简单。它有 4 个部分： 1. 获取 NVMe 驱动器的句柄 2. 准备查询 3. 执行查询 4. 检查并传输结果

auto NVmeQuery::GetTemp(const wchar_t* nvmePath) -> unsigned long

{

    auto nvmeHandle = CreateFile(nvmePath, 0, 0,

        0, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0);

    {

        auto lastErrorID = GetLastError();

        if (lastErrorID != 0)

        {

            LPVOID errorBuffer{};

            FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,

                nullptr, lastErrorID, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), (LPTSTR)&errorBuffer, 0, nullptr);

            LogMessage(L"Query: ERROR creating handle to NVMe [%s]: %d, %s", nvmePath, lastErrorID, errorBuffer);

        }

    }

    unsigned long bufferLength = FIELD_OFFSET(STORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY, AdditionalParameters)

        + sizeof(STORAGE_PROTOCOL_SPECIFIC_DATA) + NVME_MAX_LOG_SIZE;

    void *buffer = malloc(bufferLength);

    ZeroMemory(buffer, bufferLength);

    query = (PSTORAGE_PROPERTY_QUERY)buffer;

    protocolDataDescriptor = (PSTORAGE_PROTOCOL_DATA_DESCRIPTOR)buffer;

    protocolSpecificData = (PSTORAGE_PROTOCOL_SPECIFIC_DATA)query->AdditionalParameters;

    query->PropertyId = StorageDeviceProtocolSpecificProperty;

    query->QueryType = PropertyStandardQuery;

    protocolSpecificData->ProtocolType = ProtocolTypeNvme;

    protocolSpecificData->DataType = NVMeDataTypeLogPage;

    protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataRequestValue = NVME_LOG_PAGE_HEALTH_INFO;

    protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataRequestSubValue = 0;

    protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataOffset = sizeof(STORAGE_PROTOCOL_SPECIFIC_DATA);

    protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataLength = sizeof(NVME_HEALTH_INFO_LOG);

    unsigned long returnedLength{};

继续，实际查询，然后是杂项检查：

    auto result = DeviceIoControl(nvmeHandle, IOCTL_STORAGE_QUERY_PROPERTY,

        buffer, bufferLength,

        buffer, bufferLength,

        &returnedLength, nullptr);

    if (!result || returnedLength == 0)

    {

        auto lastErrorID = GetLastError();

        LPVOID errorBuffer{};

        FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,

            nullptr, lastErrorID, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), (LPTSTR)&errorBuffer, 0, nullptr);

        LogMessage(L"Query: drive path: %s, nvmeHandle %lu", nvmePath, nvmeHandle);

        LogMessage(L"Query: ERROR DeviceIoControl 0x%x %s", lastErrorID, errorBuffer);

    }

    if (protocolDataDescriptor->Version != sizeof(STORAGE_PROTOCOL_DATA_DESCRIPTOR) ||

        protocolDataDescriptor->Size != sizeof(STORAGE_PROTOCOL_DATA_DESCRIPTOR))

    {

        LogMessage(L"Query: Data descriptor header not valid (size of descriptor: %llu)", sizeof(STORAGE_PROTOCOL_DATA_DESCRIPTOR));

        LogMessage(L"Query: DataDesc: version %lu, size %lu", protocolDataDescriptor->Version, protocolDataDescriptor->Size);

    }

    protocolSpecificData = &protocolDataDescriptor->ProtocolSpecificData;

    if (protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataOffset < sizeof(STORAGE_PROTOCOL_SPECIFIC_DATA) ||

        protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataLength < sizeof(NVME_HEALTH_INFO_LOG))

        LogMessage(L"Query: ProtocolData Offset/Length not valid");

    SmartHealthInfo = (PNVME_HEALTH_INFO_LOG)((PCHAR)protocolSpecificData + protocolSpecificData->ProtocolDataOffset);

    CloseHandle(nvmeHandle);

    auto temp = ((ULONG)SmartHealthInfo->Temperature[1] << 8 | SmartHealthInfo->Temperature[0]) - 273;

    return temp;

} // end of GetTemp

对于互操作：

Pinvoke auto __stdcall New(MessageChangedCallback managedDelegate) -> NVmeQuery*

{

    return new NVmeQuery(managedDelegate);

}

Pinvoke auto GetTemp(NVmeQuery* p, const wchar_t* nvmePath) -> unsigned long

{

    return p->GetTemp(nvmePath);

}

和 c# 方面：

public static class NVMeQuery

{

    [DllImport("NVMeQuery.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)]

    internal static extern IntPtr New(InteropBase.AssetCallback callback);

    [DllImport("NVMeQuery.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]

    internal static extern ulong GetTemp(IntPtr p, IntPtr drivePath);

}

public class NVMeQueries : InteropBase

{

    public NVMeQueries()

    {

        _ptr = NVMeQuery.New(_onAssetErrorMessageChanged);

    }

    public ulong GetTemp() => GetTemp(@"\\.\PhysicalDrive4");

    public ulong GetTemp(string drivePath)

    {

        var strPtr = Marshal.StringToHGlobalAuto(drivePath);

        var result = NVMeQuery.GetTemp(_ptr, strPtr);

        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(strPtr);

        return result;

    }

}

我用于互操作的通用基类：

public class InteropBase : INotifyPropertyChanged

{

    protected IntPtr _ptr;

    protected readonly AssetCallback _onAssetErrorMessageChanged;

    public delegate void AssetCallback(IntPtr strPtr);

    public List<string> LogMessages { get; private set; } = new List<string>();

    public InteropBase()

    {

        _onAssetErrorMessageChanged = LogUpdater;

    }

    private unsafe void LogUpdater(IntPtr strPtr)

    {

        var LastLogMessage = new string((char*)strPtr);

        LogMessages.Add(LastLogMessage);

        OnPropertyChanged(nameof(LogMessages));

    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    [NotifyPropertyChangedInvocator]

    protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)

    {

        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));

    }

}

就我而言，我想查询的 NVMe 驱动器是第四个物理驱动器。我们得到所有这些：

Get-WmiObject Win32_DiskDrive

在我的情况下，这将给出：

Partitions : 4

DeviceID   : \\.\PHYSICALDRIVE4

Model      : Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB

Size       : 1000202273280

Caption    : Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB

评论

这个实现非常快（没有 LogMessage 调用时不到 1ms）；您可以定义和填写自己的结构，以获取其他相关信息；在这种情况下，该结构必须保存在本机类的字段中（例如，SmartHealthInfo在本例中），并且查询将只传输指向该结构的指针。