使用Server Trigger保护重要数据库对象
标签:
SQL Server
一 .Server Trigger的简单介绍
在SQL Server数据库中,Server Trigger 是一种特殊类型的存储过程,它可以对特定表、视图或存储中的必然事件自动响应,不由用户调用。创建触发器时对其进行定义,以便在对特定的数据库对象作特定类型的修改时执行,根据触发器定义的动作做出反应。
其主要被用在保持数据库对象的完整性方面。例如,防止数据库中已建好的表和存储过程被更改或删除。此外还可以 进行更改历史记录的追踪,查看表或存储被修改的记录。
Server Trigger比Database Trigger所管控的范围更广,可以管控Server下的所有Database的对象。
二. 主要表 及创建脚本
表Protected_Objects ,主要用来存储被保护的数据库对象,例如 表和存储过程。 字段 ActiveFlag设置为Y时有效,N是无效。
有新的数据库对象创建,最自动Insert一笔数据。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Protected_Objects]( [ServerIP] [varchar](100) NULL, [ServerName] [varchar](100) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](100) NULL, [ObjName] [varchar](100) NULL, [Objtype] [varchar](100) NULL, [Creator] [varchar](100) NULL, [ActiveFlag] [varchar](10) NULL, [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL) ON [PRIMARY]GO
表DBTrigger_Log,主要存储数据库对象变动记录。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBTrigger_Log]( [ServerIP] [varchar](20) NULL, [ServerName] [varchar](50) NULL, [DBName] [varchar](100) NULL, [ObjectName] [varchar](100) NULL, [ObjectType] [varchar](100) NULL, [EventType] [varchar](100) NULL, [HostName] [varchar](128) NULL, [AppName] [varchar](128) NULL, [EventData] [xml] NULL, [TransDateTime] [datetime] NULL, [Flag] [int] NULL DEFAULT ((0)) ) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]GOSET ANSI_PADDING OFFGOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'服务器IP' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ServerIP'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'服务器名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ServerName'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'数据库名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DBName'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'对象名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectName'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'对象类型' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'ObjectType'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'事件类型' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EventType'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'终端机器名' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'HostName'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'名称' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'AppName'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'触发事件xml' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EventData'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'发生时间' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TransDateTime'GOEXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'是否上传' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBTrigger_Log', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Flag'GO
三. 创建Server Trigger的脚本
USE [master]GO/****** Object: DdlTrigger [ServerDBTrigger_ProtectObjects] Script Date: 2018/12/27 13:36:00 ******/SET ANSI_NULLS ONGOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONGO/*###########################################################################################
*Program*: <DB Trigger>
*Description*: <Protect SQL key objects>
*programer*: <>
*Date*: 2015-12-03
---0001 2015-12-03 11:12 第一阶段期间只保留修改记录,暂时不阻止(不RollBack)
---0002 2015-12-03 15:32 增加发邮件的功能.
---0003 2015-12-04 14:20 出现set ANSI_PADDING Off后,还有(如果是script出来的表,其中有索引约束等,
--- 需要Alter表时,就会报错。)代码时,@xEvent.query会报错。
##############################################################################################*/CREATE TRIGGER [ServerDBTrigger_DBA_ProtectObjects]ON ALL SERVERFOR DROP_TABLE,DROP_PROCEDURE,DROP_VIEW,DROP_FUNCTION,
CREATE_TABLE,CREATE_PROCEDURE,CREATE_VIEW,CREATE_FUNCTION,
ALTER_PROCEDURE,ALTER_VIEW,ALTER_TABLE,ALTER_FUNCTION,RENAMEAS
SET NOCOUNT ON ; BEGIN TRY DECLARE @ServerIP varchar(20) DECLARE @ServerName varchar(50) DECLARE @AppName nvarchar(128) DECLARE @HostName nvarchar(128) DECLARE @DBName varchar(100) DECLARE @ObjectName varchar(100) DECLARE @ObjectType varchar(100) DECLARE @EventType varchar(100) DECLARE @ObjectAction varchar(100) DECLARE @xEvent XML SET @xEvent = EVENTDATA() ----------------------0003 start ----------
--Set @DBName=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/DatabaseName)'))
--Set @ObjectName=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectName)'))
--Set @ObjectType=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/ObjectType)'))
--Set @ObjectAction=CONVERT(VARCHAR(100),@xEvent.query('data(/EVENT_INSTANCE/EventType)'))
DECLARE @EventData varchar(MAX) SELECT @EventData=CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),@xEvent) SET @DBName= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<DatabaseName>',@EventData)+14, CHARINDEX('</DatabaseName>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<DatabaseName>',@EventData)-14) SET @ObjectName= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<ObjectName>',@EventData)+12, CHARINDEX('</ObjectName>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<ObjectName>',@EventData)-12) SET @ObjectType= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<ObjectType>',@EventData)+12, CHARINDEX('</ObjectType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<ObjectType>',@EventData)-12) SET @ObjectAction= SUBSTRING (@EventData, CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)+11, CHARINDEX('</EventType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)-11) SET @EventType=SUBSTRING(@EventData, CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)+11, CHARINDEX('</EventType>',@EventData)-CHARINDEX('<EventType>',@EventData)-11) ------------0003 end ---------------
SELECT @HostName=HOST_NAME(),@AppName=APP_NAME() SELECT @ServerName = @@SERVERNAME
SELECT @ServerIP = MIN(LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS) FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_CONNECTIONS WHERE LOCAL_NET_ADDRESS IS NOT NULL
IF EXISTS(SELECT TOP 1 ObjName FROM Protected_Objects WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE ServerName = @@SERVERNAME AND DBName=@DBName AND ObjName=@ObjectName AND ActiveFlag='Y') BEGIN
IF (@ObjectName LIKE 'TMP%')OR (/*@ObjectAction LIKE 'ALTER%' AND */@ObjectName LIKE '[_]%') BEGIN
INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log
( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) END
ELSE
BEGIN
-----------------0001 start ---
INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log
( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE())
--Rollback TRANSACTION
-----------------end --------
-------------0002 begin ----------------
DECLARE @Subject AS nvarchar(200) DECLARE @Body AS nvarchar(MAX) DECLARE @SPName AS nvarchar(MAX)
SET @Subject = 'ServerDBTrigger-重要!;ServerIP:' + @ServerIP
SET @SPName = ''
SET @Body = '<html><body>Dear All,<br> <br> ServerName:' + @ServerName+ ' ; ServerIP:' + @ServerIP+ '上的object已被改动,请及时检查!!!
<br> You can get detail information from DBA_DBTrigger_Log. <br><br><table border=1 bgcolor=#aaff11>'
SET @Body = @Body+ '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>ServerName</td><td>ServerIP</td><td>DBName</td><td>EventType</td><td>ObjectName</td><td>ObjectType</td><td>HostName </td><td>TransDateTime</td></tr>'
SELECT @SPName = @SPName + '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>'+ CAST(@ServerName AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@ServerIP AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>' + CAST(@DBName AS NVARCHAR(50)) + '</td><td>'+ CAST(@EventType AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+CAST(@ObjectName AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@ObjectType AS NVARCHAR(20))+ '</td><td>'+ SUBSTRING(REPLACE(CAST(@HostName AS varchar(500)), CHAR(0), ''), 1, 500)+ '</td><td>'+ CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21)+ '</td></tr>'
SET @Body = @Body + @SPName + '</table>'
SET @BODY=REPLACE(@BODY,'''','') IF REPLACE(@BODY,' ','')<>''
BEGIN
DECLARE @AllEmailToAddress varchar(3000)=''
DECLARE @AllEmailCcAddress varchar(3000)=''
DECLARE @Allprofile_name varchar(100)=''
SELECT @AllEmailToAddress='收件人的地址'
SELECT @AllEmailCcAddress='抄送人的地址'
SELECT TOP 1 @Allprofile_name=NAME FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile ORDER BY profile_id EXEC msdb..sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = @Allprofile_name -- profile 名称
,@recipients = @AllEmailToAddress -- 收件人邮箱
,@copy_recipients=@AllEmailCcAddress
,@subject = @Subject -- 邮件标题
,@body = @BODY -- 邮件内容
,@body_format = 'HTML' -- 邮件格式
,@file_attachments=''
END
------------- 0002 end ------------
END
END
----新建对象自动塞入保护表
ELSE
BEGIN
--PRINT 3
DELETE FROM Protected_Objects WHERE ServerName = @@SERVERNAME AND DBName=@DBName AND ObjName=@ObjectName
IF @ObjectAction LIKE 'Create%' AND @AppName LIKE '%Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio%'
AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE '[_]%' AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE 'TMP%'
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Protected_Objects VALUES ( @ServerIP, @ServerName, @DBName, @ObjectName,@ObjectType, @HostName, 'Y', GETDATE() ) INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log
( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) END
ELSE IF @ObjectAction NOT LIKE 'Create%' AND @AppName LIKE '%Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio%' AND @ObjectName NOT LIKE '[_]%'
BEGIN
INSERT INTO DBTrigger_Log
( ServerIP ,ServerName ,DBName ,ObjectName ,ObjectType,EventType ,HostName , AppName ,[EventData] ,TransDateTime) VALUES ( @ServerIP ,@ServerName , @DBName , @ObjectName ,@ObjectType ,@EventType,@HostName ,@AppName ,@EventData , GETDATE()) END
END END TRYBEGIN CATCH PRINT '@ObjectName:'+@ObjectName
PRINT '@ObjectType:'+@ObjectType
PRINT ERROR_MESSAGE() ROLLBACK TRANSACTIONEND CATCHSET ANSI_NULLS OFFGOSET ANSI_NULLS OFFGOSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFFGOENABLE TRIGGER [ServerDBTrigger_ProtectObjects] ON ALL SERVERGO
四. 补充
创建Server Trigger 后,此时表Protected_Objects是空的,没有被保护的数据库对象。我们可以将数据库下面的对象批量插入。例如,我们将数据库XXXX下除 _和unuse开头之外的所有对象批量插入。其脚本如下:
INSERT INTO Protected_Objects(DBName,ObjName,ObjType,Creator,ActiveFlag,TransDateTime)SELECT 'XXXXXX',Name, CASE xtype WHEN 'U' THEN 'Table' WHEN 'P' THEN 'Procedure' WHEN 'FN' THEN 'Function' WHEN 'TF' THEN 'Function' WHEN 'V' THEN 'View' END, HOST_NAME(),'Y' ,CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),DATEADD(DAY,-46,GETDATE()),120)FROM [XXXXXXX].dbo.sysobjects WHERE xtype IN ('U','P','FN','V','TF')
AND name NOT LIKE '[_]%'
AND name NOT LIKE 'unuse%'
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