前言：
今天学习了NFS，遂结合前面学习的LAMP+Bind做一个实验，实现两台Web服务器采用同一个MySQL数据库和相同的网页文件，对LAMP和Bind不了解的可以去查看我以前写的博客： AnyISalIn的文章
实验拓扑图
blob.pngAlt text
实验环境
主机名 IP地址 实现
storage.anyisalin.com 192.168.2.5 NFS
ns.anyisalin.com 192.168.2.2 dns,MySQL
www.anyisalin.com 192.168.2.3 web
www.anyisalin.com 192.168.2.4 web
本文所有主机皆关闭SElinux和IPtables
实验步骤
搭建NFS
以下操作在storage.anyisalin.com中执行
[root@storage ~]# yum install nfs-utils | tail -n 10 #安装nfs-utils 这里已经安装过了
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.pubyun.com
* extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn
* updates: mirrors.pubyun.com
Package 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
创建文件夹并导出
[root@storage ~]# mkdir /var/mydata
[root@storage ~]# mkdir /var/webroot
[root@storage var]# cd /var/webroot/
[root@storage webroot]# unzip wordpress-4.4.1-zh_CN.zip &> /dev/null
[root@storage webroot]# ls
wordpress wordpress-4.4.1-zh_CN.zip
[root@storage webroot]# chmod 777 wordpress -R
[root@storage ~]# vim /etc/exports
/var/mydata 192.168.2.2(rw,no_root_squash)
/var/webroot 192.168.2.3(rw,no_root_squash) 192.168.2.4(rw,no_root_squash)
[root@storage ~]# service rpcbind start && service nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]
[root@storage ~]# showmount -e localhost #查看当前导出的目录
Export list for localhost:
/var/webroot 192.168.2.4,192.168.2.3
/var/mydata 192.168.2.2
搭建dns,MySQL环境
以下操作在ns.anyisalin.com中执行
DNS配置
[root@localhost ~]# yum install bind mysql-server -y | tail -n 10 #信息过长遂使用tail限制
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.609-4.el6
perl-Module-Pluggable.x86_64 1:3.90-141.el6_7.1
perl-Pod-Escapes.x86_64 1:1.04-141.el6_7.1
perl-Pod-Simple.x86_64 1:3.13-141.el6_7.1
perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.10.1-141.el6_7.1
perl-version.x86_64 3:0.77-141.el6_7.1
portreserve.x86_64 0:0.0.4-9.el6
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]#
在/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件中添加以下几行
zone "anyisalin.com" IN {
type master;
file "anyisalin.com.zone";
};
配置区域解析库文件为如下
vim /var/named/anyisalin.com.zone
$TTL 600
$ORIGIN anyisalin.com.
@ IN SOA ns.anyisalin.com amdin.anyisalin.com (
20160328
1D
5M
7D
1D
)
IN NS ns
ns IN A 192.168.2.2
www IN A 192.168.2.3
www IN A 192.168.2.4
storage IN A 192.168.2.5
测试效果如下，以达到DNS实现轮询若水GIF截图_2016年3月28日21点41分17秒.gif
MySQL配置
这里MySQL数据库文件通过NFS保存在远程主机
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mydata
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.5:/var/mydata /mydata
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug kernels mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64
[root@localhost mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64]# ls
bin COPYING COPYING.LESSER data docs include INSTALL-BINARY lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
[root@localhost mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64]# groupadd -r -g 3306 mysql
groupadd: group 'mysql' already exists
[root@localhost mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
useradd: user 'mysql' already exists
[root@localhost mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/mydata --user=mysql #初始化数据库
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mydata' ...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
#内容省略
[root@localhost mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64]# ls /mydata/ #查看生成的数据库
aria_log.00000001 aria_log_control mysql performance_schema test
[root@localhost src]# ln -sv /usr/src/mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
`/usr/local/mysql' -> `/usr/src/mariadb-5.5.32-linux-x86_64'
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf #添加以下三行
datadir = /mydata
skip_name_resolve = on
innodb_file_per_table = on
[root@localhost mysql]# export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start #测试MySQL是否能正常启动
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT ALL ON wp.* TO 'wpuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> CREATE DATABASE wp;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
WEB配置
第一台主机安装
以下操作在www.anyisalin.com(192.168.2.3)中执行
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd php php-mysql -y | tail -n 10
apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1
apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-45.el6.centos
libedit.x86_64 0:2.11-4.20080712cvs.1.el6
mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6
php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6
php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6
php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/virt.conf #编辑配置文件
NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80
NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80
<VirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80>
ServerName www.anyisalin.com
DocumentRoot /webroot/wordpress
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# mount ^C
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /webroot
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.5:/var/webroot /webroot/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /webroot/
wordpress wordpress-4.4.1-zh_CN.zip
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd:
httpd: apr_sockaddr_info_get() failed for www.anyisalin.com
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName
[Wed Mar 23 18:05:15 2016] [warn] NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.3:80 has no VirtualHosts
[ OK ]
安装前我们需要先将dns服务器中对192.168.2.4的解析注释,避免安装时出现解析问题
安装过程不做演示
blob.png
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第二台主机安装
以下操作在www.anyisalin.com(192.168.2.4)中执行
我们要将dns服务器中的A记录恢复到初始轮询的状态
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd php php-mysql nfs-utils -y | tail -n 10
Installed:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-45.el6.centos nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-64.el6 php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-5.el6_2 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-45.el6.centos
keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 libedit.x86_64 0:2.11-4.20080712cvs.1.el6 libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6 libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6
libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-10.el6 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-11.el6 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6
php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.3.3-40.el6_6 python-argparse.noarch 0:1.2.1-2.1.el6 rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/virt.conf
NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.4:80
<VirtualHost 192.168.2.4:80>
ServerName www.anyisalin.com
DocumentRoot /webroot/wordpress
</VirtualHost>
[root@localhost ~]# service rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /webroot
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.2.5:/var/webroot /webroot/
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using www.anyisalin.com for ServerName
[ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]#
确保DNS服务能提供以下效果 blob.png
测试
由于在Windows我们不好进行模拟, 遂修改HOSTS文件达到测试效果
web1测试
现在访问web1主机
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发布一篇文章测试
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web2测试
现在访问web2主机
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还能够看到刚才发的文章
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再发布一篇文章
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回到web1测试
再次访问web1主机
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虽然页面一样, 但是主机已经是web2了
总结
虽然本文最后测试时只修改了hosts文件进行测试，但是如果指定DNS地址为192.168.2.2的话是能够完成负载均衡的效果的，但是NFS的网络传输文件的效率并不好，后期会学习LVS和Nginx, HAproxy等专
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