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使用Java 8，Spring Boot和Angular创建简单的Web应用程序

标签：

Java SpringBoot

入门条件

• Java 8已安装。
• 任何Java IDE（最好是STS或IntelliJ IDEA）。
• 使用HTML，CSS和JavaScript，基本了解基于Java和Spring的Web开发和UI开发。

背景

在本文中，我将尝试使用Java 8和Spring Boot创建一个小型端到端Web应用程序。
我选择了SpringBoot，因为它更容易配置并且可以很好地与其他技术堆栈配合使用。我还使用了REST API和SpringData JPA以及H2数据库。
我使用 Spring Initializer 添加所有依赖项，并使用我的所有配置创建一个空白的工作项目。
我使用Maven作为构建工具，但也可以使用Gradle。
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>bootdemo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>bootDemo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath />
        <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.restdocs</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-restdocs-mockmvc</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

在UI部分，我使用了AngularJS和BootStrap CSS以及基本的JS，CSS和HTML。
这是一个非常简单的可用于创建Web应用程序的项目。

结构

实施

让我们从SpringBootApplication类开始。

@SpringBootApplication
public class BootDemoApplication {
 @Autowired
 UserRepository userRepository;
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  SpringApplication.run(BootDemoApplication.class, args);
 }
}

我们现在创建Controller。

@Controller
public class HomeController {
 @RequestMapping("/home")
 public String home() {
  return "index";
 }
}

这将作为我们SPA的主页。现在我们创建一个Controller来处理一些REST调用。

@RequestMapping("/user")
@RestController
public class UserController {
 @Autowired
 UserService userService;
 @RequestMapping(Constants.GET_USER_BY_ID)
 public UserDto getUserById(@PathVariable Integer userId) {
  return userService.getUserById(userId);
 }
 @RequestMapping(Constants.GET_ALL_USERS)
 public List < UserDto > getAllUsers() {
  return userService.getAllUsers();
 }
 @RequestMapping(value = Constants.SAVE_USER, method = RequestMethod.POST)
 public void saveUser(@RequestBody UserDto userDto) {
  userService.saveUser(userDto);
 }
}

在这里，我们有不同的方法来处理来自客户端的不同测试调用。
我在Controller中安装了一个Service类 UserService。

public interface UserService {
 UserDto getUserById(Integer userId);
 void saveUser(UserDto userDto);
 List < UserDto > getAllUsers();
}
@Service
public class UserServiceimpl implements UserService {
 @Autowired
 UserRepository userRepository;
 @Override
 public UserDto getUserById(Integer userId) {
  return UserConverter.entityToDto(userRepository.getOne(userId));
 }
 @Override
 public void saveUser(UserDto userDto) {
  userRepository.save(UserConverter.dtoToEntity(userDto));
 }
 @Override
 public List < UserDto > getAllUsers() {
  return userRepository.findAll().stream().map(UserConverter::entityToDto).collect(Collectors.toList());
 }
}

在典型的Web应用程序中，通常有两种类型的数据对象：DTO（通过客户端进行通信）和实体（通过DB进行通信）。
DTO

public class UserDto {
    Integer userId;
    String userName;
    List<SkillDto> skillDtos= new ArrayList<>();
    public UserDto(Integer userId, String userName, List<SkillDto> skillDtos) {
        this.userId = userId;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.skillDtos = skillDtos;
    }
    public UserDto() {
    }
    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }
    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public List<SkillDto> getSkillDtos() {
        return skillDtos;
    }
    public void setSkillDtos(List<SkillDto> skillDtos) {
        this.skillDtos = skillDtos;
    }
}
public class SkillDto {
    Integer skillId;
    String SkillName;
    public SkillDto(Integer skillId, String skillName) {
        this.skillId = skillId;
        SkillName = skillName;
    }
    public SkillDto() {
    }
    public Integer getSkillId() {
        return skillId;
    }
    public void setSkillId(Integer skillId) {
        this.skillId = skillId;
    }
    public String getSkillName() {
        return SkillName;
    }
    public void setSkillName(String skillName) {
        SkillName = skillName;
    }
}

Entity

@Entity
public class User implements Serializable{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0x62A6DA99AABDA8A8L;
@Column
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Id
private Integer userId;
    @Column
    private String userName;
    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private List<Skill> skills= new LinkedList<>();
    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }
    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public List<Skill> getSkills() {
        return skills;
    }
    public void setSkills(List<Skill> skills) {
        this.skills = skills;
    }
    public User() {
    }
    public User(String userName, List<Skill> skills) {
        this.userName = userName;
        this.skills = skills;
    }
}
@Entity
public class Skill {
    @Column
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
@Id
private Integer skillId;
    @Column
    private String skillName;
    @ManyToOne
    private User user;
    public Skill(String skillName) {
this.skillName = skillName;
}
public Integer getSkillId() {
        return skillId;
    }
    public void setSkillId(Integer skillId) {
        this.skillId = skillId;
    }
    public String getSkillName() {
        return skillName;
    }
    public void setSkillName(String skillName) {
        this.skillName = skillName;
    }
    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    public Skill() {
    }
    public Skill(String skillName, User user) {
        this.skillName = skillName;
        this.user = user;
    }
}

对于数据库操作，我们使用SpringData JPA：

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Integer>{
}
@Repository
public interface SkillRepository extends JpaRepository<Skill, Integer>{
}

在默认情况下，扩展JpaRepository 提供了大量的CRUD操作，也可以使用它来创建自己的查询方法。
为了转换DTO - >Entity和Entity - > DTO，我创建了一些基本的转换器类。

public class UserConverter {
 public static User dtoToEntity(UserDto userDto) {
  User user = new User(userDto.getUserName(), null);
  user.setUserId(userDto.getUserId());
  user.setSkills(userDto.getSkillDtos().stream().map(SkillConverter::dtoToEntity).collect(Collectors.toList()));
  return user;
 }
 public static UserDto entityToDto(User user) {
  UserDto userDto = new UserDto(user.getUserId(), user.getUserName(), null);
  userDto.setSkillDtos(user.getSkills().stream().map(SkillConverter::entityToDto).collect(Collectors.toList()));
  return userDto;
 }
}
public class SkillConverter {
 public static Skill dtoToEntity(SkillDto SkillDto) {
  Skill Skill = new Skill(SkillDto.getSkillName(), null);
  Skill.setSkillId(SkillDto.getSkillId());
  return Skill;
 }
 public static SkillDto entityToDto(Skill skill) {
  return new SkillDto(skill.getSkillId(), skill.getSkillName());
 }
}

现在让我们关注UI部分。
使用Angular时，我们需要遵循一些指导原则。

index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
    <title>Main Page</title>
</head>
<body ng-app="demo">
<hr/>
<div class="container" ng-controller="UserController">
    <div class="row">
        <label>User</label> <input type="text" ng-model="userDto.userName" class="input-sm spacing"/>
        <label>Skills</label> <input type="text" ng-model="skills" ng-list class="input-sm custom-width spacing"
                                     placeholder="use comma to separate skills"/>
        <button ng-click="saveUser()" class="btn btn-sm btn-info">Save User</button>
    </div>
    <hr/>
    <div class="row">
        <p>{{allUsers | json}}</p>
    </div>
    <hr/>
    <div class="row" ng-repeat="user in allUsers">
        <div class="">
            <h3>{{user.userName}}</h3>
            <span ng-repeat="skill in user.skillDtos" class="spacing">{{skill.skillName}}</span>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/lib/angular.min.js"></script>
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/lib/ui-bootstrap-tpls-2.5.0.min.js"></script>
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/app/app.js"></script>
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/app/UserController.js"></script>
<script class="lazyload" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="js/app/UserService.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/lib/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/app/app.css"/>
</html>

在创建HTML时，不要忘记导入所需的JS和CSS文件。

app.js
'use strict'
var demoApp = angular.module('demo', ['ui.bootstrap', 'demo.controllers',
    'demo.services'
]);
demoApp.constant("CONSTANTS", {
    getUserByIdUrl: "/user/getUser/",
    getAllUsers: "/user/getAllUsers",
    saveUser: "/user/saveUser"
});
UserController.js
'use strict'
var module = angular.module('demo.controllers', []);
module.controller("UserController", ["$scope", "UserService",
    function($scope, UserService) {
        $scope.userDto = {
            userId: null,
            userName: null,
            skillDtos: []
        };
        $scope.skills = [];
        UserService.getUserById(1).then(function(value) {
            console.log(value.data);
        }, function(reason) {
            console.log("error occured");
        }, function(value) {
            console.log("no callback");
        });
        $scope.saveUser = function() {
            $scope.userDto.skillDtos = $scope.skills.map(skill => {
                return {
                    skillId: null,
                    skillName: skill
                };
            });
            UserService.saveUser($scope.userDto).then(function() {
                console.log("works");
                UserService.getAllUsers().then(function(value) {
                    $scope.allUsers = value.data;
                }, function(reason) {
                    console.log("error occured");
                }, function(value) {
                    console.log("no callback");
                });
                $scope.skills = [];
                $scope.userDto = {
                    userId: null,
                    userName: null,
                    skillDtos: []
                };
            }, function(reason) {
                console.log("error occured");
            }, function(value) {
                console.log("no callback");
            });
        }
    }
]);
UserService.js
'use strict'
angular.module('demo.services', []).factory('UserService', ["$http", "CONSTANTS", function($http, CONSTANTS) {
    var service = {};
    service.getUserById = function(userId) {
        var url = CONSTANTS.getUserByIdUrl + userId;
        return $http.get(url);
    }
    service.getAllUsers = function() {
        return $http.get(CONSTANTS.getAllUsers);
    }
    service.saveUser = function(userDto) {
        return $http.post(CONSTANTS.saveUser, userDto);
    }
    return service;
}]);
app.css
body{
    background-color: #efefef;
}
span.spacing{
    margin-right: 10px;
}
input.custom-width{
    width: 200px;
}
input.spacing{
    margin-right: 5px;
}

可以使用以下方法构建应用程序
mvn clean install 或者java -jar bootdemo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
打开浏览器并点击 http：// localhost：8080 / home
在打开一个简单的页面之后，输入名称和技能，输入的数据将保留在数据库中。