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跨进程交互形式
HTTP vs RPV 类似于 普通话 vs 四川方言
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RPC:也可以理解成跨进程访问
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/** focus mode */
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<div id='write' class=' first-line-indent'><div class='md-toc' mdtype='toc'><p class="md-toc-content" role="list"><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h1" data-ref="n1756"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#分布式架构">分布式架构</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h2" data-ref="n1757"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#一rpc学习">一、RPC学习</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1758"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#1术语">1、术语</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1779"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#2存在的其他rpc产品">2、存在的其他RPC产品</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1802"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#3交互方式">3、交互方式</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n1803"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#异步执行"><strong>异步执行</strong></a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n1832"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#同步执行"><strong>同步执行</strong></a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1855"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#4rpc名词术语变化">4、RPC名词术语变化</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1873"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#5rpc常用框架比较">5、RPC常用框架比较</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1882"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#6核心原理">6、核心原理</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n1883"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#1)服务暴露全流程">1)服务暴露全流程</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n1892"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#2)订阅接口">2)订阅接口</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h4" data-ref="n1896"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#3)整体流程">3)整体流程</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1925"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#7call-调用过程详解">7、Call 调用过程详解</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1946"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#8需要技术">8、需要技术</a></span><span role="listitem" class="md-toc-item md-toc-h3" data-ref="n1986"><a class="md-toc-inner" href="#9实战开发">9、实战开发</a></span></p></div><h1 id='分布式架构'><span>分布式架构</span></h1><h2 id='一rpc学习'><span>一、RPC学习</span></h2><h3 id='1术语'><span>1、术语</span></h3><p><strong><span>RPC(Remote Procedure Call)</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>翻译为远程过程调用,一种常见的分布式通信方式。</span></p></li><li><p><span>拆解:</span></p><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>名词</span></th><th><span>描述</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>远程(Remote)</span></td><td><span>指的是大于一台的计算机或程序或服务器</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>过程(Procedure)</span></td><td><span>指的是调用函数或方法</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>调用(Call)</span></td><td><span>指的是调用跨进程(服务器)的方法</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure></li></ul><h3 id='2存在的其他rpc产品'><span>2、存在的其他RPC产品</span></h3><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>名称</span></th><th><span>描述</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>RESTFUL</span></td><td><span>跨进程交互形式</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>WebService</span></td><td><span>跨进程交互形式</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>HTTP</span></td><td><span>跨进程交互形式</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>基于DB做数据交换</span></td><td><span>跨进程交互形式</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>基于MQ做数据交换</span></td><td><span>跨进程交互形式</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>RPC</span></td><td><span>跨进程交互形式</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id='3交互方式'><span>3、交互方式</span></h3><h4 id='异步执行'><strong><span>异步执行</span></strong></h4><ul><li><p><span>两个系统异步执行,相互之间不影响,系统A存入数据到中间件中,系统B去数据中间件中取数据,A和B之间互不影响。</span></p></li><li><p><span>数据可以长时间保持在中间件之中的。系统B,想什么时候取就什么时候取,中间件中的数据允许被积压的。 </span></p></li><li><p><span>这种交互方式一般是中间件交互。仓用的中间件有</span></p><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>名称</span></th><th><span>中间件名称</span></th><th><span>备注</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>MySQL</span></td><td><span>数据库</span></td><td><span>对于数据要求可靠性比较高的系统选择这个,</span><strong><span>Azkaban</span></strong><span>用的就是这个做的任务存取,分发</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>RabbitMQ</span></td><td><span>消息中间件</span></td><td><span>对于数据要求可靠性比较高的系统选择这个,订单消息系统用的比较多</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>KafKa</span></td><td><span>消息中间件</span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span>Redis</span></td><td><span>缓存数据库</span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></figure></li></ul><h4 id='同步执行'><strong><span>同步执行</span></strong></h4><ul><li><p><span>服务端(接口的系统)的数据会直接影响客户端(界面)。</span></p></li><li><p><span>需要更高的响应速度,客户端会一直等待服务端的响应。</span></p></li></ul><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>名称</span></th><th> </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>RESTFUL</span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span>HTTP</span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span>WeService</span></td><td> </td></tr><tr><td><span>RPC</span></td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p> </p><h3 id='4rpc名词术语变化'><span>4、RPC名词术语变化</span></h3><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>序号</span></th><th><span>名称</span></th><th><span>修改</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>1</span></td><td><span>Server(接口提供方:比如:Tomcat中的接口)</span></td><td><span>Provider :服务提供者 放在服务里的接口</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>2</span></td><td><span>Client(调用接口方,比如:前端)</span></td><td><span>Consumer:服务消费者 调用者可能是前端,也可能是其他服务器(系统)</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>3</span></td><td><span>Stub(存根,一个模拟实现。一个模拟实现。比如:swagger)</span></td><td><span>服务描述</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><h3 id='5rpc常用框架比较'><span>5、RPC常用框架比较</span></h3><p><img src="./../../image/image-20230611194802305.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20230611194802305"></p><ul><li><p><span>主要用的就是Dubbo和Spring Cloud了</span></p></li><li><p><span>还有国内开发的Alibaba SpringCloud.</span></p></li><li><p><span>Dubbo不仅是一个RPC框架,也是一个服务治理的框架</span></p></li></ul><h3 id='6核心原理'><span>6、核心原理</span></h3><h4 id='1)服务暴露全流程'><span>1)服务暴露全流程</span></h4><ul><li><p><span>第一步是检测配置,如果有些配置空的话会默认创建,并且组装成 URL 。</span></p></li><li><p><span>第二步是暴露服务,包括暴露到本地的服务和远程的服务。</span></p></li><li><p><span>第三步是注册服务至注册中心。</span></p><p><img src="./../../image/image-20230611200140759.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20230611200140759"></p></li></ul><h4 id='2)订阅接口'><span>2)订阅接口</span></h4><ul><li><p><span>订阅接口 :B系统在需要的时候调用A系统的接口进行数据订阅。</span></p></li></ul><h4 id='3)整体流程'><span>3)整体流程</span></h4><ul><li><p><span>第一步:RPC Server 把需要暴露的服务地址和地址信息,注册到注册中心。</span></p></li><li><p><span>第二步:RPC Client 会订阅注册中心 (从注册中心,一直关注它需要的服务在哪里)</span></p></li><li><p><span>第三步:如果RPC Server的注册地址发生改变,注册中心会通知给RPC Client</span></p></li><li><p><span>第四步:如果RPC Client获取到RPC Server的地址以及暴露服务的信息,就可以做最后一步调用了,RPC Client直接调用RPC Server。(核心步骤)</span></p></li></ul><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>接口模式</span></th><th><span>RPC换为</span></th><th><span>备注</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>Server</span></td><td><span>Provider</span></td><td><span>暴露服务,服务提供方</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>Client</span></td><td><span>Consumer</span></td><td><span>服务消费,调用远程服务</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>不存在</span></td><td><span>Registry</span></td><td><span>服务注册与发现</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p><img src="./../../image/image-20230611201635301.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20230611201635301"></p><h3 id='7call-调用过程详解'><span>7、Call 调用过程详解</span></h3><p><span>1)</span><strong><span>术语</span></strong></p><figure><table><thead><tr><th><span>序号</span></th><th><span>名词</span></th><th><span>描述</span></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><span>1</span></td><td><span>客户端</span></td><td><span>访问接口的哪一端,可以是前端可以是服务器</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>2</span></td><td><span>存根代理</span></td><td><span>调用哪个接口,接口中的什么方法,方法中的参数类型,返回值的类型是什么,数据的集合</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>3</span></td><td><span>服务端</span></td><td><span>创造接口的一端,一般是服务器</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>4</span></td><td><span>网络传输</span></td><td><span>建立服务之间的通信功能</span></td></tr><tr><td><span>5</span></td><td><span>序列化</span></td><td><span>传输的对象转换成适合网络传输的二进制数据(</span></td></tr></tbody></table></figure><p> </p><p><span>2)</span><strong><span>结构图</span></strong></p><p><img src="./../../image/image-20230611201744973.png" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" alt="image-20230611201744973"></p><p><span>3)</span><strong><span>流程描述</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>1.客户端调用存根中的方法</span></p></li><li><p><span>2.因为被调用的方法在远程,所以要用网络传输,才能调用方法</span></p></li><li><p><span>3.需要用socket与Server间,建立连接,然后传输数据,传输数据钱,需要把图2中的需要传输的对象转换成适合网络传输的二进制数据(这个过程叫做序列化)。</span></p></li><li><p><span>4.如果socket已经拿到序列化数据,第一件事就是把序列化数据反序列化(二进制数据转化为对象)</span></p></li><li><p><span>5.转化的对象中包含着一种客户端需要调用服务端的数据,像它要调用哪个接口,接口中的什么方法,方法中的参数类型,返回值的类型是什么(整体叫做存根)</span></p></li><li><p><span>6.Server会根据存根找到这个接口具体实现类的对象,为了性能考虑这个接口做成单例的,Server通过反射来调用方法,方法调用完成过后,就会取到结果。</span></p></li><li><p><span>7.结果进行序列化成二进制,通过网络传输响应(返回)给Client端,Client在把二进制反序列化成对象,返回给界面。</span></p></li></ul><h3 id='8需要技术'><span>8、需要技术</span></h3><p><span>1)</span><strong><span>基础知识 </span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>Java核心(什么是类,什么是接口)、Maven(多模块管理)、反射(别名自省,代码动态调用某个方法),常用包Lombok,Apache</span></p></li></ul><p><span>2)</span><strong><span>动态代理 </span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>流程描述中,client存根实际调用对象中(客户端调远程方法的时候),内部用的就是动态代理对象完成的。</span></p></li><li><p><span>本次使用Java自带的动态代理,新的代理JVM框架的代理:ASM,Javasist(很难)</span></p></li></ul><p><span>3)</span><strong><span>序列化</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>Java对象与二进制数数据转换</span></p></li><li><p><span>这里用到FastJson</span></p></li><li><p><span>java中二进制数byte和stirng转化很方便</span></p></li><li><p><span>很多语言中,字符串是用数组表示的。</span></p></li></ul><p><span>4)</span><strong><span>网络通信</span></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>传输序列化后的数据</span></p></li><li><p><span>jetty嵌入到自己的客户端中,HTTP使用URLConnection</span></p></li><li><p><span>标准都是使用TCP的长连接方式网络通信的 </span></p></li><li><p><span>网络是很难的,在Java在框架:Netty,(Apache MINA)[</span><a href='http://mina.apache.org/' target='_blank' class='url'>http://mina.apache.org/</a><span>]</span></p></li></ul><p> </p><h3 id='9实战开发'><span>9、实战开发</span></h3><ul><li><p><span>代码实例,看源码</span></p></li></ul><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p></div></div>
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RPC框架关键类
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Dubbo(读音[ˈdʌbəʊ])是阿里巴巴公司开源的一个高性能优秀的服务框架,使得应用可通过高性能的 RPC 实现服务的输出和输入功能,可以和 [1] Spring框架无缝集成。
Dubbo是一款高性能、轻量级的开源Java RPC框架,它提供了三大核心能力:面向接口的远程方法调用,智能容错和负载均衡,以及服务自动注册和发现。
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侧丝丝
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恩恩额
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现有 rpc 框架对比
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关联类的联系
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实现过程
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这个模块分类让我学到了很多
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协议制定:client到server做交互的通信协议,比如request response 网络端点peer
jetty server 起到网络监听的作用
handler注册到jetty server
holder托管servlet
不足和展望:
安全性:
身份信息校验没做,https比http多了安全控制
序列化安全加密,建立网络连接时做身份验证
服务端处理能力:
jetty线程池 返回数据的通道最好做成队列形式
注册中心:
对RPC锦上添花,
集成能力:
和其他框架的嵌入结合,比如springboot结合,比如做一个springboot starter,让他自动的创建server或client
bean factory自动创建代理对象
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dependencies所有模块都依赖的公用模块
dependencymanagement是子模块可能会用到的
<build>工程编译的版本
把版本号提出到properties,后面的版本号用${xxx.version}指代
lombok插件分两步:
在plugin里面搜索安装;
annotation processor里面勾选enable annotation那个
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新建module 通过不同模块管理,原来的src就可以删了
proto放协议codec序列化模块
transport网络通信模块
common共同方法模块
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