1 回答

TA贡献1860条经验 获得超8个赞
你的例子有点奇怪,因为你returnUserIdsFromDb()在任何操作甚至开始之前就减慢了主线程的速度,同样,fetchById减慢了调用者而不是异步操作的速度,这违背了异步操作的全部目的。
此外,.thenCompose(listOfIds -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> …))您可以简单地使用.thenApplyAsync(listOfIds -> …).
所以一个更好的例子可能是
public class PipelineOfTasksExample {
private final Map<Long, String> db = LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 4).boxed()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(id -> id, id -> "user"+id));
PipelineOfTasksExample() {}
private static <T> T slowDown(String op, T result) {
LockSupport.parkNanos(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(500));
System.out.println(op + " -> " + result + " thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ", "
+ POOL.getPoolSize() + " threads");
return result;
}
private CompletableFuture<List<Long>> returnUserIdsFromDb() {
System.out.println("trigger building the list of Ids - thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
() -> slowDown("building the list of Ids", Arrays.asList(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L)),
POOL);
}
private CompletableFuture<String> fetchById(Long id) {
System.out.println("trigger fetching id: " + id + " thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
() -> slowDown("fetching id: " + id , db.get(id)), POOL);
}
static ForkJoinPool POOL = new ForkJoinPool(2);
public static void main(String[] args) {
PipelineOfTasksExample example = new PipelineOfTasksExample();
CompletableFuture<List<String>> result = example.returnUserIdsFromDb()
.thenApplyAsync(listOfIds ->
listOfIds.parallelStream()
.map(id -> example.fetchById(id).join())
.collect(Collectors.toList()
),
POOL
);
System.out.println(result.join());
}
}
打印出类似的东西
trigger building the list of Ids - thread: main
building the list of Ids -> [1, 2, 3, 4] thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1, 1 threads
trigger fetching id: 2 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0
trigger fetching id: 3 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1
trigger fetching id: 4 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2
fetching id: 4 -> user4 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3, 4 threads
fetching id: 2 -> user2 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3, 4 threads
fetching id: 3 -> user3 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2, 4 threads
trigger fetching id: 1 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-3
fetching id: 1 -> user1 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-2, 4 threads
[user1, user2, user3, user4]
乍一看,这可能是一个惊人的线程数。
答案是join()可能会阻塞线程,但是如果这种情况发生在Fork/Join池的工作线程内部,这种情况会被检测到并启动一个新的补偿线程,以确保配置的目标并行度。
作为一种特殊情况,当使用默认的 Fork/Join 池时,实现可能会在方法内选择新的待处理任务join(),以确保同一线程内的进度。
所以代码总是会取得进展,join()偶尔调用也没有错,如果替代方案要复杂得多,但如果过度使用,就会有资源消耗过多的危险。毕竟,之所以要使用线程池,就是为了限制线程的数量。
另一种方法是尽可能使用链式依赖操作。
public class PipelineOfTasksExample {
private final Map<Long, String> db = LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 4).boxed()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(id -> id, id -> "user"+id));
PipelineOfTasksExample() {}
private static <T> T slowDown(String op, T result) {
LockSupport.parkNanos(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(500));
System.out.println(op + " -> " + result + " thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()+ ", "
+ POOL.getPoolSize() + " threads");
return result;
}
private CompletableFuture<List<Long>> returnUserIdsFromDb() {
System.out.println("trigger building the list of Ids - thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
() -> slowDown("building the list of Ids", Arrays.asList(1L, 2L, 3L, 4L)),
POOL);
}
private CompletableFuture<String> fetchById(Long id) {
System.out.println("trigger fetching id: " + id + " thread: "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
() -> slowDown("fetching id: " + id , db.get(id)), POOL);
}
static ForkJoinPool POOL = new ForkJoinPool(2);
public static void main(String[] args) {
PipelineOfTasksExample example = new PipelineOfTasksExample();
CompletableFuture<List<String>> result = example.returnUserIdsFromDb()
.thenComposeAsync(listOfIds -> {
List<CompletableFuture<String>> jobs = listOfIds.parallelStream()
.map(id -> example.fetchById(id))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
return CompletableFuture.allOf(jobs.toArray(new CompletableFuture<?>[0]))
.thenApply(_void -> jobs.stream()
.map(CompletableFuture::join).collect(Collectors.toList()));
},
POOL
);
System.out.println(result.join());
System.out.println(ForkJoinPool.commonPool().getPoolSize());
}
}
不同之处在于,首先提交所有异步作业,然后join安排调用它们的依赖操作,仅在所有作业完成后执行,因此这些join调用永远不会阻塞。只有方法join末尾的最终调用才main可能阻塞主线程。
所以这会打印出类似的东西
trigger building the list of Ids - thread: main
building the list of Ids -> [1, 2, 3, 4] thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1, 1 threads
trigger fetching id: 3 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1
trigger fetching id: 2 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0
trigger fetching id: 4 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1
trigger fetching id: 1 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0
fetching id: 4 -> user4 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1, 2 threads
fetching id: 3 -> user3 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0, 2 threads
fetching id: 2 -> user2 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-1, 2 threads
fetching id: 1 -> user1 thread: ForkJoinPool-1-worker-0, 2 threads
[user1, user2, user3, user4]
显示无需创建补偿线程,因此线程数与配置的目标并行度相匹配。
请注意,如果实际工作是在后台线程中而不是在fetchById方法本身中完成的,那么您现在不再需要并行流,因为没有阻塞join()调用。对于这种情况,仅使用stream()通常会带来更高的性能。
添加回答
举报