问题我试图在 D3 (v5) 中获得一个堆叠条形图，为不同的组提供单独的彩色条形（我可以做到，图 1），每个堆叠具有不同的颜色（取决于图 2）。我找不到一种方法来获得堆栈着色（即我希望组颜色的不同色调随不同的堆栈高度而变化）图 3 中的示例（除非我希望不同的组具有不同的颜色，即不重复）因为他们在这里）。在我提供的代码示例中，有两组数据。一个简单的设置，可以帮助处理数据：Animal,Group,A,B,C,DDog,Domestic,10,10,20,5Cat,Domestic,20,5,10,10Mouse,Pest,75,5,35,0 Lion,Africa,5,5,30,25Elephant,Africa,15,15,20,20Whale,Marine,35,20,10,45Shark,Marine,45,55,0, 60Fish,Marine,20, 5,30,10我实际上正在尝试使用一个更大的集合。这是bl.ocks.org我正在尝试开发的代码：// set the dimensions and margins of the graphconst margin = { top: 90, right: 20, bottom: 30, left: 40 }, width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right, height = 960 - margin.top - margin.bottom;const svg = d3.select("#my_dataviz") .append("svg") .attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right) .attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom) .append("g") .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");const y = d3.scaleBand() .range([0, height]) .padding(0.1);const x = d3.scaleLinear() .range([0, width]);const z = d3.scaleOrdinal() .range(["none", "lightsteelblue", "steelblue", "darksteelblue"]);d3.csv("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/JimMaltby/844ca313589e488b249b86ead0d621a9/raw/f328ad6291ffd3c9767a2dbdba5ce8ade59a5dfa/TimeBarDummyFormat.csv", d3.autoType, (d, i, columns) => { var i = 3; var t = 0; for (; i < columns.length; ++i) t += d[columns[i]] = +d[columns[i]]; d.total = t; return d; } )JSFiddle： https://jsfiddle.net/yq7bkvdL/我尝试过的我觉得我只是错过了一些简单的东西，但我是一个编码菜鸟，我的编码非常初级，所以我无法解决它。我想我要么把填充attr放在错误的地方。或者是我不明白如何在 的嵌套/分层数据中选择键d3.stack。我尝试了各种方法，但都没有成功：1.颜色数组 我尝试编写一个函数来创建颜色数组，通过迭代（使用forEach）“键”和“组”值/名称并将它们连接起来创建一个可以与d3 缩放（顺序）以选择正确的颜色。例如，对于第一个数据集，它将创建一个数组ColoursID [DomesticA, DomesticB, DomesticC, DomesticD,PestA, PestB...]，然后与中的颜色相匹配ColourS ["grey", "lightgreen", "green", "darkgreen", "yellow", ...]下面是这样做的尝试，以及注释掉的各种其他探索。
1 回答
HUX布斯
TA贡献1876条经验 获得超6个赞
如果您想在条形长度较小的情况下稍微改变条形颜色，您可以使用fill-opacity并保持fill相同！这样，如果值较浅，则颜色会不太明显且较浅。
opacity只需创建一个带有 range 的新比例即可[0.3, 1]。我选择 0.3 是因为 0 不透明度意味着条形图不可见，而您通常不希望这样。我添加了一个单独的值d.height来表示条形的整个可见高度，该高度与 start 分开（但相当于d.Min + d.All + d.Max）。现在，只需将该属性应用于每个条形即可完成。
您可以选择将范围设置为[0, 1]而不用于d3.extent域 - 这可能会导致类似的结果，尽管您可以通过思想实验发现一些差异。
现在该fill-opacity属性已在每个柱上设置。因此同一堆栈中的条具有相同的fill-opacity值。但请注意，这完全是可选的，您也可以应用不同的值。
// set the dimensions and margins of the graph
const margin = {
top: 90,
right: 20,
bottom: 30,
left: 40
},
width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 960 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select("#my_dataviz")
.append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform",
"translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
const y = d3.scaleBand()
.range([0, height])
.padding(0.1);
const x = d3.scaleLinear()
.range([0, width]);
const z = d3.scaleOrdinal()
.range(["none", "lightsteelblue", "steelblue", "darksteelblue"]);
const opacity = d3.scaleLinear()
.range([0.3, 1]);
d3.csv("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/JimMaltby/844ca313589e488b249b86ead0d621a9/raw/f328ad6291ffd3c9767a2dbdba5ce8ade59a5dfa/TimeBarDummyFormat.csv", d3.autoType, (d, i, columns) => {
var i = 3;
var t = 0;
for (; i < columns.length; ++i)
t += d[columns[i]] = +d[columns[i]];
d.total = t;
d.height = d.total - d.Start;
return d;
}
).then(function(data) {
const keys = data.columns.slice(3); // takes the column names, ignoring the first 3 items = ["EarlyMin","EarlyAll", "LateAll", "LateMax"]
// List of groups = species here = value of the first column called group -> I show them on the X axis
const Groups = d3.map(data, d => d.Group);
y.domain(data.map(d => d.Ser));
x.domain([2000, d3.max(data, d => d.total)]).nice();
z.domain(keys);
opacity.domain(d3.extent(data, d => d.height));
console.log(opacity.domain());
svg.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(d3.stack().keys(keys)(data))
.enter().append("g")
.attr("fill", d => z(d.key))
.selectAll("rect")
.data(d => d)
.enter()
.append("rect")
.attr("y", d => y(d.data.Ser))
.attr("x", d => x(d[0]))
.attr("height", y.bandwidth())
.attr("width", d => x(d[1]) - x(d[0]))
.attr("fill-opacity", d => opacity(d.data.height));
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(0,0)")
.call(d3.axisTop(x));
svg.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(y));
});
.bar {
fill: rgb(70, 131, 180);
}
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v5.min.js"></script>
<div id="my_dataviz"></div>
编辑：知道您想按组对条形进行着色，我将使用相同的逻辑，但进行一些调整：
首先，我转而z处理fill-opacity（我仍然用它来强调不同的群体），并使用新的group颜色序数比例。这个规模的关键就是预先存在的领域d.Group。
// set the dimensions and margins of the graph
const margin = {
top: 90,
right: 20,
bottom: 30,
left: 40
},
width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 960 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select("#my_dataviz")
.append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform",
"translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
const y = d3.scaleBand()
.range([0, height])
.padding(0.1);
const x = d3.scaleLinear()
.range([0, width]);
const z = d3.scaleOrdinal()
.range([0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1]);
const group = d3.scaleOrdinal()
.range(["darkgreen", "darkred", "steelblue", "purple"]);
d3.csv("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/JimMaltby/844ca313589e488b249b86ead0d621a9/raw/f328ad6291ffd3c9767a2dbdba5ce8ade59a5dfa/TimeBarDummyFormat.csv", d3.autoType, (d, i, columns) => {
var i = 3;
var t = 0;
for (; i < columns.length; ++i)
t += d[columns[i]] = +d[columns[i]];
d.total = t;
return d;
}
).then(function(data) {
const keys = data.columns.slice(3); // takes the column names, ignoring the first 3 items = ["EarlyMin","EarlyAll", "LateAll", "LateMax"]
y.domain(data.map(d => d.Ser));
x.domain([2000, d3.max(data, d => d.total)]).nice();
z.domain(keys);
group.domain(data.map(d => d.Group));
svg.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(d3.stack().keys(keys)(data))
.enter().append("g")
.attr("fill-opacity", d => z(d.key))
.selectAll("rect")
.data(d => d)
.enter()
.append("rect")
.attr("y", d => y(d.data.Ser))
.attr("x", d => x(d[0]))
.attr("height", y.bandwidth())
.attr("width", d => x(d[1]) - x(d[0]))
.attr("fill", d => group(d.data.Group));
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(0,0)")
.call(d3.axisTop(x));
svg.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(y));
});
.bar {
fill: rgb(70, 131, 180);
}
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v5.min.js"></script>
<div id="my_dataviz"></div>
编辑2：如果你想自己指定颜色，我会使用颜色键映射：
// set the dimensions and margins of the graph
const margin = {
top: 90,
right: 20,
bottom: 30,
left: 40
},
width = 960 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 960 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
const svg = d3.select("#my_dataviz")
.append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform",
"translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
const y = d3.scaleBand()
.range([0, height])
.padding(0.1);
const x = d3.scaleLinear()
.range([0, width]);
const z = d3.scaleOrdinal()
.range([0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1]);
const group = d3.scaleOrdinal()
.range([
{ Start: "none", Min: "lightgreen", All: "green", Max: "darkgreen" },
{ Start: "none", Min: "indianred", All: "red", Max: "darkred" },
{ Start: "none", Min: "lightsteelblue", All: "steelblue", Max: "darksteelblue" }
]);
d3.csv("https://gist.githubusercontent.com/JimMaltby/844ca313589e488b249b86ead0d621a9/raw/f328ad6291ffd3c9767a2dbdba5ce8ade59a5dfa/TimeBarDummyFormat.csv", d3.autoType, (d, i, columns) => {
var i = 3;
var t = 0;
for (; i < columns.length; ++i)
t += d[columns[i]] = +d[columns[i]];
d.total = t;
return d;
}
).then(function(data) {
const keys = data.columns.slice(3); // takes the column names, ignoring the first 3 items = ["EarlyMin","EarlyAll", "LateAll", "LateMax"]
y.domain(data.map(d => d.Ser));
x.domain([2000, d3.max(data, d => d.total)]).nice();
z.domain(keys);
group.domain(data.map(d => d.Group));
svg.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(d3.stack().keys(keys)(data))
.enter().append("g")
.each(function(e) {
d3.select(this)
.selectAll("rect")
.data(d => d)
.enter()
.append("rect")
.attr("y", d => y(d.data.Ser))
.attr("x", d => x(d[0]))
.attr("height", y.bandwidth())
.attr("width", d => x(d[1]) - x(d[0]))
.attr("fill", d => group(d.data.Group)[e.key]);
});
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(0,0)")
.call(d3.axisTop(x));
svg.append("g")
.call(d3.axisLeft(y));
});
.bar {
fill: rgb(70, 131, 180);
}
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v5.min.js"></script>
<div id="my_dataviz"></div>
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